105th Regiment of Foot (Madras Light Infantry)

Last updated
105th Regiment of Foot
Active1766–1799
1824–1830
1839–1881
Country Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg East India Company (1766–1858)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom (1858–1881)
Branch Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg Madras Army (1766–1862)
Flag of the British Army.svg  British Army (1862–1881)
Type Infantry
SizeOne battalion (two battalions 1774–1799)
Garrison/HQ Pontefract Barracks, West Riding of Yorkshire
Engagements Second Anglo-Burmese War
Indian Rebellion

The 105th Regiment of Foot (Madras Light Infantry) was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised by the Honourable East India Company in 1766. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) Regiment of Foot to form the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry.

Infantry military service branch that specializes in combat by individuals on foot

Infantry is a military specialization that engages in military combat on foot, distinguished from cavalry, artillery, and tank forces. Also known as foot soldiers or infanteers, infantry traditionally relies on moving by foot between combats as well, but may also use mounts, military vehicles, or other transport. Infantry make up a large portion of all armed forces in most nations, and typically bear the largest brunt in warfare, as measured by casualties, deprivation, or physical and psychological stress.

British Army land warfare branch of the British Armed Forces of the United Kingdom

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of British Armed Forces. As of 2018, the British Army comprises just over 81,500 trained regular (full-time) personnel and just over 27,000 trained reserve (part-time) personnel.

East India Company 16th through 19th-century British trading company

The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company, and informally known as John Company, Company Bahadur, or simply The Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with Mughal India and the East Indies, and later with Qing China. The company ended up seizing control over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonised parts of Southeast Asia, and colonised Hong Kong after a war with Qing China.

Contents

History

General George Alexander Malcolm, colonel of the regiment in the 1870s George Alexander Malcolm.jpg
General George Alexander Malcolm, colonel of the regiment in the 1870s

Early history

The regiment as first raised by the Honourable East India Company as the 2nd Madras Europeans, when it was formed from the 1st Madras Europeans in 1766. [1] It served in India until it was disbanded in 1799. [1] It was re-raised as the 2nd Battalion, The Madras European Regiment in 1822 but disbanded again in 1830. [1]

The 102nd Regiment of Foot was a regiment of the British Army raised by the Honourable East India Company in 1742. It transferred to the command of the British Army in 1862. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 103rd Regiment of Foot in 1881 to form the Royal Dublin Fusiliers.

The Victorian era

The regiment was re-raised as the 2nd Madras (European) Regiment in 1839 and re-designated the 2nd Madras (European) Light Infantry in 1842. [1] It was deployed to Burma in 1853 during the Second Anglo-Burmese War and then saw action in India in 1857 during the Indian Rebellion. [2] After the Crown took control of the Presidency armies in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion, the regiment became the 2nd Madras Light Infantry in November 1859. [1] It was then renumbered as the 105th Regiment of Foot (Madras Light Infantry) on transfer to the British Army in September 1862. [1] It embarked for England in 1874. [2]

Myanmar Republic in Southeast Asia

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and also known as Burma, is a country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and China to its north and northeast. Myanmar is the largest of the mainland Southeast Asian states. To its south, about one third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 5,876 km (3,651 mi) forms an uninterrupted coastline of 1,930 km (1,200 mi) along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census counted the population to be 51 million people. As of 2017, the population is about 54 million. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon). Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1997.

The Second Anglo-Burmese War or the Second Burma War was the second of the three wars fought between the Burmese and British forces during the 19th century, with the outcome of the gradual extinction of Burmese sovereignty and independence.

Indian Rebellion of 1857 major uprising for Indian independence against East India Company and the British Crown

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 mi (64 km) northeast of Delhi. It then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, though incidents of revolt also occurred farther north and east. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the rebels' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. On 1 November 1858, the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder, though they did not declare the hostilities to have formally ended until 8 July 1859. The rebellion is known by many names, including the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, the Indian Insurrection, and the First War of Independence.

As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 105th was linked with the 51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 8 at Pontefract Barracks in the West Riding of Yorkshire. [3] On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) Regiment of Foot to form the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry. [1]

The Cardwell Reforms were a series of reforms of the British Army undertaken by Secretary of State for War Edward Cardwell between 1868 and 1874 with the support of Liberal prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. Gladstone paid little attention to military affairs but he was keen on efficiency. In 1870, he pushed through Parliament major changes in Army organisation. Germany's stunning triumph over France in the Franco-Prussian War proved that the Prussian system of professional soldiers with up-to-date weapons was far superior to the traditional system of gentlemen-soldiers that Britain used.

The 51st Regiment of Foot was a British Army line infantry regiment, raised in 1755. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 105th Regiment of Foot to form the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in 1881.

Pontefract Barracks military installation in Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England

Pontefract Barracks is a former military installation in Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England. The derelict building was Purchased by Russell Baker and Katherine Stacey. The owners of the award winning property company Asquith Properties in 1997 and converted into serviced offices.

Regimental Colonels

Colonels of the regiment were: [1]

2nd Madras (European) Regiment
105th Regiment of Foot (Madras Light Infantry)
George Alexander Malcolm First Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong

General George Alexander Malcolm, CB, was a British Army officer. He served in the First Anglo-Chinese War and became the first Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong in 1843.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "105th Regiment of Foot (Madras Light Infantry)". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 March 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2016.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  2. 1 2 "105th Regiment of Foot (Madras Light Infantry): Locations". Archived from the original on 10 March 2006. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  3. ↑ "Training Depots". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
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