12th Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam

12th Secretariat
←  11th 13th  →
Symbol of the Communist Party of Vietnam
27 January 2016 – 25 January 2021 (4 years, 364 days) Overview
Type	Executive organ
Election	1st Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee
Leadership
General Secretary	Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Permanent Member	Trần Quốc Vượng (2018–21) Đinh Thế Huynh (2016–18)
Members
Total	14 members
Newcomers	7 members (12th)
Old	3 members (11th)
Reelected	6 members (13th)

The 12th Secretariat, formally the Secretariat of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV, Vietnamese: Ban Bí thư Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam Khoá XII), was elected on 27 January 2016 during the 12th National Congress to serve for a five-year electoral term. ^[1] The secretariat is a central leading organ of the CPV Central Committee responsible for executing the decisions of the politburo and the Central Committee. It is tasked with handling day-to-day work as well as leading and supervising the work of the Central Committee apparatus, which is the administrative working organs of the CPV Central Committee. In this regard, it functions as the highest executive organ of the CPV when the Party's National Congress and the Central Committee are adjourned. ^[2]

History

The 12th Secretariat was led by a general secretary, who formally directed its work, and a permanent member of the Secretariat, responsible for its day-to-day work. Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected general secretary on 27 January 2016 and remained in office for the duration of the Central Committee's term, while the 12th Politburo appointed Đinh Thế Huynh as the permanent member of the secretariat on 4 February 2016. ^[3] He held this position until 2 March 2018, when he was relieved of his duties and succeeded by Trần Quốc Vượng. ^[4] Đinh Thế Huynh had been on sick leave since July 2017 to undergo medical treatment for an undisclosed health problem. ^[4] On 28 July 2017, the 12th Politburo convened to discuss the proposal of the Central Organisation Commission (COC) to assign a politburo member as the standing member of the Secretariat in light of Đinh Thế Huynh's health problems: it appointed Trần Quốc Vượng to serve in an acting capacity from 1 August 2017 onwards. ^[5] BBC News concluded that Trần Quốc Vượng was most likely selected as the permanent member to strengthen the ongoing anti-corruption campaign unleashed under Nguyễn Phú Trọng's leadership. Trần Quốc Vượng had gained experience in anti-corruption work in his earlier stint as the director of the Supreme People's Procuracy. ^[4] On 2 March 2018, the 12th Politburo convened yet again, ordering Đinh Thế Huynh to resign from office and appointing Trần Quốc Vượng in his place. ^[6]

At first, the composition of the 12th Secretariat was the same as that of the 11th electoral term, and stood at ten members. The first three members (Lương Cường, Nguyễn Văn Nên and Nguyễn Hòa Bình) were elected on 27 January 2016 by the 1st Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee. That session ordered the 12th Politburo to assign individuals from its own ranks to serve in the Secretariat. ^[7] A week later, on 4 February, the 12th Politburo convened and assigned six members to the secretariat: Nguyễn Phú Trọng, Đinh Thế Huynh, Trần Quốc Vượng, Phạm Minh Chính, Võ Văn Thưởng and Trương Thị Mai. ^[8] Of these, Nguyễn Phú Trọng, Đinh Thế Huynh and Trần Quốc Vượng had served in the 11th Secretariat. ^[9] This politburo meeting also assigned the work responsibilities of the members, appointing them to head administrative working bodies of the CPV Central Committee apparatus. Phạm Minh Chính was appointed to lead the COC, Võ Văn Thưởng to direct the Central Propaganda and Education Commission, Trương Thị Mai to oversee the Central Mass Mobilisation Commission and Nguyễn Văn Nên to manage the Central Office  [ vi ]. Trần Quốc Vượng served in the Secretariat as the chairman of the Central Inspection Commission. ^[8] Two months later, it was made public that the 12th Politburo had assigned Nguyễn Văn Bình, the former governor of the State Bank of Vietnam, to head the Central Economic Commission  [ vi ] from 11 April 2016. ^[10]

On 7 October 2017, the 6th Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee elected Phan Đình Trạc and Nguyễn Xuân Thắng  [ vi ] to the Secretariat. Up to that point, Phan Đình Trạc had served as chairman of the party's Central Internal Affairs Commission  [ vi ], while Nguyễn Xuân Thắng concurrently held the positions of rector of the Hồ Chí Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration  [ vi ] and vice chairman of the Central Theoretical Council. ^[11] Two months later, on 14 October, Nguyễn Xuân Thắng was assigned on the orders of the 12th Politburo to serve as acting chair of the Central Theoretical Council since Đinh Thế Huynh could no longer fulfil his duties due to health problems. ^[12] With Đinh Thế Huynh's health problems worsening, Nguyễn Xuân Thắng was appointed in his place on 2 March 2018. ^[6] At the 12th Central Committee's seventh plenum on 9 May, Trần Cẩm Tú and Trần Thanh Mẫn were elected to the secretariat. Trần Cẩm Tú had earlier the same day been elected as chairman of the CPV Central Inspection Commission, while Trần Thanh Mẫn had previously served as the secretary of the Cần Thơ City Party Committee  [ vi ] before being elected as the chairman of the Central Committee of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front. ^[13]

Members

Members of the 12th Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam ^[14]

Name	11th	13th	Birth	PM	Birthplace	Education	Gender	Ref.
Nguyễn Hòa Bình	Nonmember	Member	1958	1981	Hà Nội	Graduate	Male	[15]
Nguyễn Văn Bình	Nonmember	Nonmember	1961	1995	Phú Thọ	Graduate	Male	[16]
Phạm Minh Chính	Nonmember	Nonmember	1958	1986	Thanh Hoá	Graduate	Male	[17]
Lương Cường	Nonmember	Nonmember	1957	1978	Phú Thọ	Undergraduate	Male	[18]
Đinh Thế Huynh	Member	Nonmember	1953	1974	Nam Định	Graduate	Male	[19]
Trương Thị Mai	Nonmember	Member	1958	1985	Quảng Bình	Graduate	Female	[20]
Trần Thanh Mẫn	By-elected	Nonmember	1962	1982	Hậu Giang	Graduate	Male	[21]
Nguyễn Văn Nên	Nonmember	Nonmember	1957	1978	Tây Ninh	Undergraduate	Male	[22]
Nguyễn Xuân Thắng	By-elected	Nonmember	1957	1983	Nghệ An	Graduate	Male	[23]
Võ Văn Thưởng	Nonmember	Member	1970	1993	Vĩnh Long	Graduate	Male	[24]
Phan Đình Trạc	By-elected	Member	1958	1980	Nghệ An	Undergraduate	Male	[25]
Nguyễn Phú Trọng	Member	Member	1944	1968	Hà Nội	Graduate	Male	[26]
Trần Cẩm Tú	By-elected	Member	1961	1990	Hà Tĩnh	Graduate	Male	[27]
Trần Quốc Vượng	Member	Nonmember	1953	1979	Thái Bình	Graduate	Male	[28]

Working Organs

Working Organs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam

Working Organ	Leadership					Ref.
	Title	Officeholder	Term start	Term end	Secretariat
Central Economic Commission	Head	Vương Đình Huệ	27 January 2016	11 April 2016	Outgoing	[10]
		Nguyễn Văn Bình	11 April 2016	30 January 2021	Represented	[10]
Central External Relations Commission	Head	Hoàng Bình Quân	27 January 2016	30 January 2021	Not	[29]
Central Health Care Protection Board	Head	Nguyễn Quốc Triệu	27 January 2016	21 June 2019	Not	[30]
		Nguyễn Thị Kim Tiến	5 July 2019	30 January 2021	Not	[30]
Central Inspection Commission	Chairman	Trần Quốc Vượng	27 January 2016	8 May 2018	Represented	[8]
		Trần Cẩm Tú	8 May 2018	30 January 2021	Represented	[13]
Central Internal Affairs Commission	Head	Phan Đình Trạc	27 January 2016	30 January 2021	Represented	[31]
Central Mass Mobilisation Commission	Head	Hà Thị Khiết	27 January 2016	17 February 2016	Outgoing	[32]
		Trương Thị Mai	17 February 2016	30 January 2021	Represented	[33]
Central Office	Head	Trần Quốc Vượng	27 January 2016	15 February 2016	Represented	[34]
		Nguyễn Văn Nên	15 February 2016	20 October 2020	Represented	[35]
		Lê Minh Hưng	20 October 2020	30 January 2021	Not	[36]
Central Organisation Commission	Head	Tô Huy Rứa	27 January 2016	15 February 2016	Outgoing	[37]
		Phạm Minh Chính	4 February 2016	30 January 2021	Represented	[38]
Central Propaganda and Education Commission	Head	Đinh Thế Huynh	27 January 2016	15 February 2016	Represented	[37]
		Võ Văn Thưởng	4 February 2016	30 January 2021	Represented	[38]
Central Theoretical Council	Chairman	Đinh Thế Huynh	27 January 2016	2 March 2018	Represented	[39]
		Nguyễn Xuân Thắng	2 March 2018	30 January 2021	Represented	[6]
Nhân Dân	Editor-in-chief	Thuận Hữu	27 January 2016	30 January 2021	Not	[40]

References

Foreign commentaries

• Thayer, Carlyle (20 November 2017). "Political Review: Vietnam in 2017" (PDF). Viet Studies.net. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.

News sources

• "Công bố quyết định ông Lê Minh Hưng giữ chức Chánh Văn phòng T.Ư Đảng" [Announcing the decision of Mr. Lê Minh Hưng to hold the position of Head of the Office of the Party Committee]. Báo Người Lao Động (in Vietnamese). 20 October 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Bà Trương Thị Mai làm Trưởng ban Dân vận Trung ương" [Ms. Trương Thị Mai as Head of the Central Mass Mobilisation Commission]. Báo Người Lao Động (in Vietnamese). 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Bà Kim Tiến kiêm chức Trưởng Ban Bảo vệ sức khoẻ Trung ương" [Ms. Kim Tiến concurrently serves as Head of the Central Health Protection Committee] (in Vietnamese). BBC News. 5 July 2019. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Ông Trần Quốc Vượng chính thức làm thường trực Ban Bí thư" [Mr. Trần Quốc Vượng officially became a member of the Secretariat] (in Vietnamese). BBC News. 5 March 2018. Archived from the original on 4 March 2025. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
• "Ông Trần Cẩm Tú dẫn dắt Ủy ban Kiểm tra Trung ương" [Mr. Trần Cẩm Tú leads the Central Inspection Commission] (in Vietnamese). BBC News. 9 May 2018. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
• "Hai thành viên mới Ban Bí thư có gì đặc biệt?" [What is special about the two new members of the Secretariat?] (in Vietnamese). BBC News. 6 October 2017. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
• "Nhân sự mới cho hai vị trí trong Đảng" [New personnel for two positions in the Party] (in Vietnamese). BBC News. 15 February 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Ban Bí thư, khóa XII" [Secretariat, XII term] (in Vietnamese). Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
• "Đồng chí Trần Quốc Vượng giữ chức Thường trực Ban Bí thư" [Comrade Trần Quốc Vượng holds the position of Standing Member of the Secretariat]. Government of Vietnam E-newspaper (in Vietnamese). 6 March 2018. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Công bố Quyết định phân công Chánh Văn phòng Trung ương Đảng" [Announcement of the Decision on the assignment of the Chief of the Party Central Office]. Government of Vietnam E-newspaper (in Vietnamese). 15 February 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Đại tướng, Bí thư Trung ương Đảng, Chánh án Tòa án nhân dân tối cao Nguyễn Hòa Bình" [Member of the Politburo, Secretary of the Party Central Committee, Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court Nguyễn Hòa Bình] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị khóa XII, Bí thư Trung ương Đảng khóa XII, Trưởng ban Ban Kinh tế Trung ương Nguyễn Văn Bình" [Member of the 12th Politburo, Secretary of the 12th Party Central Committee, Chairman of the Central Economic Commission Nguyễn Văn Bình] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Đại tướng, Chủ nhiệm Tổng cục Chính trị Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam Lương Cường" [Member of the Politburo, General, Chairman of the General Political Department of the Vietnam People's Army Lương Cường] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Bí thư Trung ương Đảng Đinh Thế Huynh" [Member of the Politburo, Secretary of the Party Central Committee Đinh Thế Huynh] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Bí thư Trung ương Đảng Trương Thị Mai" [Member of the Politburo, Secretary of the Party Central Committee, Head of the Central Organisation Commission Trương Thị Mai] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Phó Chủ tịch Thường trực Quốc hội nước CHXHCH Việt Nam Trần Thanh Mẫn" [Member of the Politburo, Standing Vice Chairman of the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam Trần Thanh Mẫn] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 17 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Bí thư Thành ủy Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Nguyễn Văn Nên" [Member of the Politburo, Secretary of the Hồ Chí Minh City Party Committee Nguyễn Văn Nên] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 17 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Giám đốc Học viện Chính trị quốc gia Hồ Chí Minh, Chủ tịch Hội đồng Lý luận Trung ương Nguyễn Xuân Thắng" [Member of the Politburo, Director of the Hồ Chí Minh National Academy of Politics, Chairman of the Central Theoretical Council Nguyễn Xuân Thắng] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 17 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Thường trực Ban Bí thư Võ Văn Thưởng" [Member of the Politburo, Standing Member of the Secretariat Võ Văn Thưởng] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Bí thư Trung ương Đảng, Trưởng ban Nội chính Trung ương Phan Đình Trạc" [Member of the Politburo, Secretary of the Party Central Committee, Head of the Central Internal Affairs Department Phan Đình Trạc] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 17 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
• "Đồng chí Nguyễn Phú Trọng" [Comrade Nguyễn Phú Trọng] (in Vietnamese). Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam. 5 July 2021. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Bí thư Trung ương Đảng, Chủ nhiệm Ủy ban Kiểm tra Trung ương Trần Cẩm Tú" [Member of the Politburo, Secretary of the Party Central Committee, Chairman of the Central Inspection Committee Trần Cẩm Tú] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 17 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
• "Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị khóa XII; Thường trực Ban Bí thư Trung ương Đảng khóa XII Trần Quốc Vượng" [Member of the 12th Politburo, Member of the 12th Central Committee Secretariat Trần Quốc Vượng] (in Vietnamese). National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
• "New politburo unveiled by Vietnam's Communist Party". Channel News Asia. 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
• "Phân công nhiệm vụ Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Ủy viên Ban Bí thư khóa XII" [Assignment of members of the Politburo and members of the XII Secretariat] (in Vietnamese). Cơ quan báo chí của Bộ Ngoại giao. 6 February 2016. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
• "Trao Quyết định bổ nhiệm đồng chí Lê Quốc Minh làm Tổng Biên tập Báo Nhân Dân" [Awarding the Decision to appoint Comrade Lê Quốc Minh as Editor-in-Chief of Nhân Dân Newspaper]. Nhân Dân . 20 May 2021. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Party Central Committee elects two additional members to Secretariat". Nhân Dân . 9 May 2018. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
• "Quân ủy Trung ương nhiệm kỳ 2020–2025 tổ chức Hội nghị lần thứ nhất" [The Central Military Commission for the 2020–2025 term held the First Meeting]. People's Army Newspaper (in Vietnamese). 17 June 2021. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
• "Hội nghị bàn giao công tác giữa Chủ tịch nước Trần Đại Quang và Bộ trưởng Bộ Công an Tô Lâm" [The handover conference between President Trần Đại Quang and Minister of Public Security Tô Lâm]. Public Security Newspaper (in Vietnamese). 15 April 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Đồng chí Nguyễn Văn Bình giữ chức Trưởng Ban Kinh tế Trung ương" [Comrade Nguyễn Văn Bình holds the position of Head of the Central Economic Commission]. Tạp chí Xây dựng Đảng (in Vietnamese). 11 April 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Lễ công bố các quyết định về công tác cán bộ Đảng ủy Khối Các cơ quan Trung ương và Khối Doanh nghiệp Trung ương" [Announcement ceremony of decisions on cadres of the Party Committee of the Central Agencies and the Central Enterprise Sector]. Tạp chí Xây dựng Đảng (in Vietnamese). 13 April 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Ông Huỳnh Tấn Việt được bầu làm Bí thư Đảng ủy Khối các cơ quan T.Ư" [Mr. Huynh Tan Viet was elected as Secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Agencies]. Thanh Niên . 30 October 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Ban Bí thư Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam do ai thành lập? Ban Bí thư Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam có quyền ban hành những văn bản nào?" [Who established the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam? What documents does the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam have the right to promulgate?]. Thư Viện Pháp Luật. 7 March 2023. Archived from the original on 5 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
• "Về Việc Hợp Nhất Đảng Bộ Ngoài Nước Với Đảng Bộ Bộ Ngoại Giao" [On the Merger of the Central Foreign Party Cadres Committee with the Party Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs]. Thư Viện Pháp Luật. 26 November 2019. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Bí thư Buôn Ma Thuột làm bí thư Đảng ủy Khối doanh nghiệp trung ương" [Secretary of Buôn Ma Thuột as Secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Enterprise Sector]. Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). 4 March 2019. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Công bố danh sách Bộ Chính trị, Ban bí thư Trung ương khóa XII" [Publication of the list of Politburo, XII Central Secretariat]. Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
• "Công bố danh sách Bộ Chính trị, Ban bí thư Trung ương khóa XII" [Announcement of the list of the Politburo and the Secretariat of the XII Central Committee]. Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 5 December 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
• "Biography of Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh" (in Vietnamese). Việt Nam News. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
• "Ông Nguyễn Quang Dương làm Bí thư Đảng ủy Khối cơ quan TW" [Mr. Nguyễn Quang Dương as Secretary of the Party Committee of the Central Agency Block] (in Vietnamese). Vietnam+. 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Bộ Chính trị giao đồng chí Nguyễn Xuân Thắng phụ trách Hội đồng Lý luận Trung ương" [The Politburo assigned Comrade Nguyen Xuan Thang to be in charge of the Central Theoretical Council] (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Television. 14 December 2017. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Ông Phan Đình Trạc làm Trưởng ban Nội chính Trung ương" [Mr. Phan Đình Trạc as Head of the Central Committee for Internal Affairs]. VnEconomy (in Vietnamese). 29 February 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Ông Lê Hoài Trung làm Trưởng ban Đối ngoại Trung ương" [Mr. Lê Hoài Trung as Head of the Central Committee for External Relations]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 19 March 2021. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
• "Ông Trần Quốc Vượng tham gia thường trực Ban bí thư" [Mr. Trần Quốc Vượng participates in the Standing Committee of the Secretariat]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 1 August 2017. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.

Footnotes

1. Channel News Asia 2016.
2. Thư Viện Pháp Luật 2024.
3. Tuổi Trẻ 2016a; Cơ quan báo chí của Bộ Ngoại giao 2016.
4. BBC News 2018a.
5. VnExpress 2017.
6. Government of Vietnam E-newspaper 2018.
7. Tuổi Trẻ 2016b.
8. Cơ quan báo chí của Bộ Ngoại giao 2016.
9. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022d; National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022k; National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022m.
10. Tạp chí Xây dựng Đảng 2016a.
11. BBC News 2017; Thayer 2017.
12. Vietnam Television 2017.
13. BBC News 2018b; Nhân Dân 2018.
14. Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022a.
15. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022a.
16. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022b.
17. Việt Nam News 2021.
18. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022c.
19. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022d.
20. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022e.
21. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022f.
22. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022g.
23. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022h.
24. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022i.
25. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022j.
26. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022k.
27. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022l.
28. National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2022m.
29. VnExpress 2021.
30. BBC News 2019.
31. VnEconomy 2016.
32. Báo Người Lao Động 2016.
33. Cơ quan báo chí của Bộ Ngoại giao 2016; Báo Người Lao Động 2016.
34. Government of Vietnam E-newspaper 2016.
35. Cơ quan báo chí của Bộ Ngoại giao 2016; Government of Vietnam E-newspaper 2016.
36. Báo Lao Động 2020.
37. BBC News 2016.
38. Cơ quan báo chí của Bộ Ngoại giao 2016; BBC News 2016.
39. Vietnam Television 2017; Government of Vietnam E-newspaper 2018.
40. Nhân Dân 2021.