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The Federated States of Micronesia are located on the Caroline Islands in the western Pacific Ocean. The history of the modern Federated States of Micronesia is one of settlement by Micronesians; colonization by Spain, Germany, and Japan; United Nations trusteeship under United States-administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; and gradual independence beginning with the ratification of a sovereign constitution in 1979.
The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) was a United Nations trust territory in Micronesia administered by the United States from 1947 to 1994. The Imperial Japanese South Seas Mandate had been seized by the US during the Pacific War, as Japan had administered the territory since the League of Nations gave Japan a mandate over the area from Imperial Germany after World War I. However, in the 1930s, Japan left the League of Nations and invaded additional lands. During World War II, military control of the islands was disputed, but by the war's end, the islands had come under the Allies' control. The Trust Territory of the Pacific was created to administer the islands as part of the United States while still under the auspices of the United Nations. Most of the island groups in the territory became independent states, with some degree of ties kept with the United States: the Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands and Palau are today independent states in a Compact of Free Association with the US, while the Northern Mariana Islands remain under US jurisdiction, as an unincorporated territory and commonwealth.
The flag of the Federated States of Micronesia was adopted on 30 November 1978. The blue field represents the Pacific Ocean. In an echo of U.S. heraldic practice, the stars represent the four federated states: Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae and Yap, arranged like the points of the compass.
The flag of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) consisted of a light blue field that contained six white stars centered in a circle pattern. The stars symbolized the six districts of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands: the Marianas, the Marshall Islands, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Palau. The blue field symbolized freedom and loyalty.
Tosiwo Nakayama was the first President of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). He served two terms from 1979 until 1987.
Athletics competitions at the 1969 Micronesian Games were held in San Antonio, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, in July, 1969. Only athletes from those six Micronesian territories that constituted the U.S. administrated Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands were participating.
The Congress of Micronesia was a bicameral legislature in Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands from 1964 to 1979.
Parliamentary elections were held in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands on 8 November 1966.
Parliamentary elections were held in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands on 3 November 1970.
Parliamentary elections were held in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands on 5 November 1968, except in the Marshall Islands, where they were delayed until 20 December due to an outbreak of flu.
Francis Nuuan was a Micronesian educator and politician. He served as a member of the Senate of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands between 1965 and 1969.
Parliamentary elections were held in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands on 7 November 1972.
Parliamentary elections were held in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands on 5 November 1974. Carmen Bigler became the first female member of Congress after being elected to House of Representatives from the Fifth District of the Marshall Islands.
Parliamentary elections were held in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands on 2 November 1976, except in Palau, where they were delayed until 7 December due to a legal challenge over redistricting. They were the last territory-wide elections; the planned elections in 1978 were cancelled as the territory was split into the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and Palau.
Constitutional Convention elections were held in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands on 4 June 1974. Voters elected 42 members of a constitutional convention that would draw up a proposed constitution for an independent Micronesian state.
Ambilos Iehsi was a Micronesian politician. He served as a member of the House of Representatives and Senate of the Congress of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands between 1967 until 1979, and then as Secretary of Resources and Development of the Federated States of Micronesia.
David Ramarui was a Palauan politician. He served as a member of the Senate of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) prior to Palau separating from the territory, and then as Minister of Social Services in the Palauan government.
The Marianas archipelago of the Northern Pacific contains fourteen islands located between Japan and New Guinea on a north–south axis and Hawaii and the Philippines on an east–west axis. Inhabitants were Spanish nationals from the 16th century until the Spanish–American War of 1898. As Guam became a territory of the United States the Northern Marianas were sold to Germany in 1899. The Northern Mariana Islands were a German protectorate until 1919, when they became part of the South Seas Mandate, administered by Japan. At the close of World War II, the Marianas became part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. In 1975, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands became a self-governing territory. In 1986, the Marianas came under the sovereignty of the United States when the trusteeship ended and US nationality and citizenship was conferred on the inhabitants of the territory.
John Obeldabl Ngiraked (1932–2003) was a Palauan politician and criminal.
Bethwel Henry was a Micronesian politician. He was a leading figure in establishing the Federated States of Micronesia and served as the nation's first Speaker of the Congress.
References
- ↑ Annual Report of the High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to the Secretary of the Interior, Fiscal Year Ended 1965 p13
- ↑ Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the United States Congress, Volume 111, Part 12, p16441
- ↑ Micronesia To Go To Polls Pacific Islands Monthly, November 1964, p13
- ↑ Meeting Will Discuss Plans for US Trust Territory Pacific Islands Monthly, October 1962, p143
- ↑ Norman Meller (1969) The Congress of Micronesia: Development of the Legislative Process in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands University of Hawai'i Press, p273
- ↑ In A Nutshell Pacific Islands Monthly, February 1965, p10
- ↑ Meller, p261
- ↑ Annual Report of the High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to the Secretary of the Interior, Fiscal Year Ended 1965 p18
- ↑ President Tosiwo Nakayama Archived 2021-08-07 at the Wayback Machine Government of Micronesia
- 1 2 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Office of United Nations Political Affairs, pp198–199
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