Related Research Articles
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in proportional representation among political parties. It belongs to the class of highest-averages methods.
There are two types of elections in Andorra: parliamentary elections and local elections. The 28 members of the General Council of the Valleys are elected in parliamentary elections for a maximum term of four years. In the local elections, the council members of the seven parishes of Andorra are elected for a four-year term.
Bolivia elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Congress has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies has 130 members, elected for a five-year term using the Additional Member System, and in the case of seven indigenous seats by usos y costumbres. The Chamber of Senators has 36 members: each of the country's nine departments returns four senators allocated proportionally.
San Marino elects on the national level a legislature. The Grand and General Council has 60 members, elected for a five-year term by semi-proportional representation with national majority bonus.
The mayor of Milan is the first citizen and head of the municipal government of the city of Milan, Lombardy, Italy.
The Grand and General Council is the parliament of San Marino. The council has 60 members elected for a five-year term.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 10 May 2003. The Independence Party remained the largest party in the Althing, winning 22 of the 63 seats. The coalition government of the Independence Party and Progressive Party remained in office, with Davíð Oddsson continuing as Prime Minister.
Scotland uses different electoral systems for elections to Parliament, the Scottish Parliament and to local councils. A different system was also in use between 1999 and 2019 for United Kingdom elections to the European Parliament. Historically, only First Past the Post (FPTP) was used for all elections in Scotland, but this changed in 1999 both with the introduction of D'Hondt elections to the EU Parliament and the inception the same year of the devolved Scottish Parliament. Two of the devolved legislatures in the United Kingdom - the Scottish Parliament and the Senedd - use the Additional Members System (AMS). AMS has been used for every Scottish Parliament election since 1999, with the most recent being in 2021.
The electoral system of Turkey varies for general, presidential and local elections that take place in Turkey every five years. Turkey has been a multi-party democracy since 1950, with the first democratic election held on 14 May 1950 leading to the end of the single-party rule established in 1923. The current electoral system for electing Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly has a 7% election threshold.
The City Council of Milan is the top tier legislative body of the municipality of Milan, Lombardy, Italy. It consists of the directly elected mayor of Milan and of an elected 48-member assembly, which controls the mayor's governing actions and has the authority to enforce his resignation by a motion of no confidence.
General elections were held in San Marino on 20 November 2016 and 4 December 2016. The San Marino First alliance received a plurality of the popular vote, but fell short of a majority in the Grand and General Council, initially being allocated 25 seats. As no single bloc had won a majority of seats, a runoff was held on 4 December 2016 between the top two coalitions, San Marino First and Adesso.sm, to determine the winner of the majority prize. The second round saw Adesso.sm win with 58% of the vote, resulting in seats being reallocated and the winning alliance receiving 35 seats.
The 2014 San Marino local elections were held on 30 November to elect the mayors and the councils of the 9 municipalities of San Marino. Overall turnout was 44.9%.
The 2009 San Marino local elections were held on 7 June to elect the mayors and the councils of the nine municipalities of San Marino. Overall turnout was 55.1%. The election in the City of San Marino was declared invalid, as it didn't reach the turnout quorum. Therefore, a second election was held on 29 November.
The 2004 San Marino local elections were held on 18 April to elect the mayor and the council of the municipalities of Borgo Maggiore, in San Marino, as the 2003 Sammarinese local elections was declared invalid, as the turnout quorum was not reached. Turnout in this election was 61.5%.
The 2003 San Marino local elections were held on 30 November to elect the mayors and the councils of the nine municipalities of San Marino. Overall turnout was 55.4%. The election in Borgo Maggiore was declared invalid, as the turnout quorum was not reached. Therefore, a second election was held on 18 April 2004.
The 1999 San Marino local elections were held on 13 June to elect the mayors and the councils of Chiesanuova, the City of San Marino and Domagnano, in San Marino. Overall turnout was 66.1%.
The 1998 San Marino local elections were held on 13 December to elect the mayors and the councils of Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Faetano, Fiorentino and Serravalle in San Marino. Overall turnout was 64.0%.
Maria Teresa Beccari was a Sammarinese politician, Mayor of the City of San Marino between 13 December 2009 and 31 October 2018.
The 2020 San Marino local elections were held on 29 November, to elect the mayors and the councils of the 9 municipalities of San Marino. These elections were initially scheduled to take place on 15 December 2019, but were postponed to 21 June 2020 due to a snap general election called for 8 December. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, elections were postponed once again to 29 November 2020.
