1st Expeditionary Space Control Squadron

Last updated

1st Expeditionary Space Control Squadron
Air Force Space Command.png
1st Space Communications Squadron inactivation.jpg
The squadron guidon is furled during its inactivation ceremony, 9 June 2008
Active1989-2008
CountryFlag of the United States (23px).png  United States
BranchFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force
RoleSpace Control
Part of Air Force Space Command
Motto(s)Vigilance Over Space
Decorations Air Force Outstanding Unit Award [1]
Commanders
Notable
commanders		 B. Chance Saltzman
Insignia
1st Expeditionary Space Control Squadron emblem (approved 15 November 1994) [1] 1st Space Control Squadron.png

The United States Air Force's 1st Expeditionary Space Control Squadron is a provisional squadron attached to the 21st Space Wing at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado.

Contents

Before conversion to provisional status, the 1st Space Control Squadron' was a space situational awareness unit last located at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The squadron commanded the United States Space Surveillance Network to detect, track, identify and catalog positional data for all man-made objects in Earth orbit. The squadron was established in 1989 as the 1st Command and Control Squadron at Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Base, Colorado. It was inactivated in 2008 and its personnel and equipment were integrated into the 614th Air and Space Operations Center.[ citation needed ]

History

Background

The roots of the squadron can be traced to 1961, when the Space Detection and Tracking System Center at opened at Ent Air Force Base, Colorado. The center brought together Air Force and Navy systems designed to track objects in space in all directions, not merely Soviet missiles launched over the North Pole. The center came under the operational control of North American Air Defense Command. [2] There were several subsequent moves, name changes, and changes in personnel, experience, and equipment.

Activation

The Air Force activated the 1st Command and Control Squadron at Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station, Colorado in December 1989 to operate the system. [1] The 1st Command and Control Squadron provided collision avoidance support during each shuttle mission as well as maintaining an extensive satellite catalog (the "SATCAT" or "Box score"). [3] This catalog is used by U.S. civilian and military agencies when launching new satellites into space, as well as by U.S. allies. [4]

The 1 SPCS tracked and compiled positional data on thousands of man-made objects in space partly to prevent collisions between newly launched satellites and other objects already orbiting the Earth. Additionally, the unit had the mission to task 30 space sensors within Space Surveillance Network to track satellites for US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) to maintain an accurate satellite catalog (SATCAT) of over 9000 objects orbiting the Earth., [5] [6] To support manned space flight, 1 SPCS constructs a theoretical box around the Space Shuttle, MIR or ISS, and projects flight path intersections for 36 to 72 hours. If any objects intersects the theoretical box, the unit forwarded the analysis to NASA, allowing them to determine whether to change the spacecraft/space station's flight path. Based on 1 SPCS mission analysis, and its predecessor units, NASA has moved the Space Shuttle 12 times and the International Space Station five times since 1981. [7] In June 1995, the unit tracked the U.S. Space Shuttle Atlantis during its historic rendezvous with the Russian space station Mir. The unit also compiled a catalog of space objects. [8] [9]

The 1 SPCS also contained international personnel, such as Canadian military, since SSA was not just a U.S. problem. [6]

Move

In 2006, Admiral Timothy Keating, commander of NORAD directed a study on the continued use of the hardened command post at Cheyenne Mountain in view of what was perceived as diminished threats. [10] The decision to close Cheyenne Mountain required a unit move. The unit moved to Vandenberg Air Force Base, California in 2007 to better coordinate activities with the Joint Space Operations Center, it lost over 150 years of expert civilian experience. [11] (archive returns only an error message)

Inactivation

The unit was inactivated on 9 Jun 2008, and its mission and members integrated into the 614th Air and Space Operations Center / Joint Space Operations Center. [12] Unconfirmed sources state that Cheyenne Mountain may retain some capability to cover the 1 SPCS mission, if required. [13] At the time of inactivation, 106

Lineage

Activated on 1 December 1989
Redesignated 1st Space Control Squadron on 1 October 2001
Inactivated c. 9 June 2008
Activated 27 February 2009 [14]

Assignments

Attached to 21st Space Wing, 27 February 2009 [14]

Stations

Commanders

  • Lt David Agee (1989–1991)
  • Lt Col Joseph Wysocki (1991–1992)
  • Lt Col John M. Rabins (1992–1994)
  • Lt Col Michael A. Muolo (1994–1996)
  • Lt Col Joseph G. Baillargeon (1996–1998)
  • Lt Col David A. Strand (14 Aug 1998-2000)
  • Lt Col Craigen B. Anderson (2000-2002)
  • Lt. Col. Scott F. Shepherd (2002–2004) [15]
  • Lt Col Michael Mason (circa 2007), [16]
  • Lt Col Chance Saltzman (July 2007-2008) [12]

Awards

Award streamerAwardDatesNotes
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 December 1989-31 August 19911st Command and Control Squadron [1]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 1995-30 September 19971st Command and Control Squadron [1]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 1998-31 December 19981st Command and Control Squadron [1]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 1997-30 September 19991st Command and Control Squadron [1]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 1999-31 December 19991st Command and Control Squadron [1]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 2000-31 August 20011st Command and Control Squadron [1]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 2004-30 September 20051st Space Control Squadron [17]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 2005-30 September 20061st Space Control Squadron [17]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 2006-30 July 20071st Space Control Squadron [17]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award31 July 2007-9 June 20081st Space Control Squadron [17]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">10th Space Warning Squadron</span> Military unit

The United States Space Force's 10th Space Warning Squadron, is a missile warning unit located at Cavalier Space Force Station, North Dakota operating the AN/FPQ-16 Perimeter Acquisition Radar Attack Characterization System.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2nd Space Operations Squadron</span> Space Force unit managing GPS constellation

The 2nd Space Operations Squadron is a United States Space Force unit responsible for operating the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite constellation, which provides global navigation, time transfer, and nuclear detonation detection. It is a component of Space Operations Command's Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Integrated Mission Delta (Provisional) and headquartered at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">21st Space Wing</span> Inactive United States Air Force wing

The 21st Wing is an inactive wing of the United States Air Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4th Electromagnetic Warfare Squadron</span> Military unit

The United States Space Force's 4th Electromagnetic Warfare Squadron is an offensive space electromagnetic warfare unit formerly located at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, stood up operations 1 July 2014 at Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4th Space Operations Squadron</span> US Space Force satellite squadron

The United States Space Force's 4th Space Operations Squadron is a satellite operations unit located at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. 4 SOPS is part of Space Delta 8 and responsible for command and control of the Milstar/Advanced Extremely High Frequency, Defense Satellite Communications System Phase III, and Wideband Global SATCOM satellite constellations. The 4th Space Operations Squadron's mission is to operate the Space Force's protected and wideband MILSATCOM systems. They provide warfighters global, secure, survivable, strategic and tactical communication during peacetime and throughout the full spectrum of conflict. The squadron also operates three mobile constellation control stations at various locations in conjunction with host partners. At higher readiness levels and during exercises, these personnel deploy with U.S. Strategic Command and U.S. Northern Command respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">18th Intelligence Squadron</span> Military unit

The 18th Intelligence Squadron is an intelligence organization of the United States Air Force, located at Buckley Space Force Base, Colorado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">13th Space Warning Squadron</span> Military unit

The 13th Space Warning Squadron (13SWS) is a missile warning unit assigned to the United States Space Force and located at Clear Space Force Station 5 miles (8 km) south of Anderson, Alaska

<span class="mw-page-title-main">16th Electromagnetic Warfare Squadron</span> Military unit

The 16th Electromagnetic Warfare Squadron is an active United States Space Force unit, stationed at Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado as part of the Space Delta 3. The squadron protects critical satellite communication links to detect, characterize, geolocate and report sources of electromagnetic interference on US military and commercial satellites. The squadron also provides combat-ready crews to deploy and employ defensive space electromagnetic warfare capabilities for theater combatant commanders. The squadron is Air Force Space Command's first defensive counterspace unit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1st Test and Evaluation Squadron</span> Military unit

The 1st Test and Evaluation Squadron is a United States Space Force test and evaluation unit, located at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. The squadron is tasked with testing and evaluation of command and control systems for Space Operations Command.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1st Space Operations Squadron</span> U.S. Space Force unit

The 1st Space Operations Squadron is a United States Space Force unit responsible for space-based space domain awareness. Located at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado, the squadron operates the Space Based Space Surveillance system, the Advanced Technology Risk Reduction system, the Operationally Responsive Space-5 satellite, and the Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3rd Test and Evaluation Squadron</span> Military unit

The 3rd Test and Evaluation Squadron is a space test and evaluation unit located at Schriever Space Force Base in Colorado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">11th Space Warning Squadron</span> Military unit

The 11th Space Warning Squadron is a United States Space Force missile warning squadron, located at Buckley Space Force Base, Colorado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">18th Space Defense Squadron</span> U.S. Space Force unit

The 18th Space Defense Squadron is a United States Space Force Space Domain Awareness unit located at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California. The 18th SDS is tasked with executing command and control of the space surveillance network (SSN), maintaining the resident space object (RSO) database and managing United States Space Command's space situational awareness (SSA) sharing program to United States, foreign government, commercial, and academic entities. The squadron also conducts advanced analysis, sensor optimization, conjunction assessment, human spaceflight support, reentry/break-up assessment, and launch analysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2d Command and Control Squadron</span> Military unit

The United States Air Force's 2d Command and Control Squadron was an Air Force Space Command command and control unit located at Falcon AFB, Colorado. The 2 CACS commanded passive surveillance systems supporting USSPACECOM and theater warfighters’ requirements through continuous all-weather, day-night surveillance of on-orbit satellites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5th Electromagnetic Warfare Squadron</span> Military unit

The United States Space Force's 5th Electromagnetic Warfare Squadron is a space electromagnetic warfare unit located at Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">7th Space Warning Squadron</span> Military unit

The 7th Space Warning Squadron (SWS) is the premier Space Domain Awareness sensor on the West Coast. The unit was originally established to guard the U.S. West Coast against sea-launched ballistic missiles from the eastern outskirts of Beale Air Force Base approximately 8 miles (13 km) east of Marysville, California. 7 SWS is a geographically separated unit of Space Delta 4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">17th Test and Evaluation Squadron</span> Military unit

The 17th Test and Evaluation Squadron is a United States Space Force test and evaluation unit, located at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. The squadron is tasked with testing and evaluating space systems and associated support equipment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">30th Operations Group</span> Military unit

The 30th Operations Group was a group of the United States Space Force. It was assigned to the 30th Space Wing, stationed at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. It was responsible for all space launch operations from the West Coast of the United States, including all polar launches. It operated the Western Range, which conducts launches for the Space Force, other parts of the Department of Defense, NASA, and private space corporations. In 2021 the 30th Operations Group and the 30th Mission Support Group were inactivated and squadrons assigned to Space Launch Delta 30.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Space Operations Command</span> U.S. Space Force space, cyber, and intelligence field command

Space Operations Command (SpOC) is the United States Space Force's space operations, cyber operations, and intelligence field command. Headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado, it consists of its mission deltas, and garrison commands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Space Delta 2</span> U.S. Space Force space domain awareness and space battle management delta

Space Delta 2 is the United States Space Force's space domain awareness and space battle management delta and is headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado. Space Delta 2 tracks and monitors all human made objects from low Earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit and further out to deep space. It also partners with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to provide weather satellite observation for the U.S. Armed Forces. It consists of the 15th Space Surveillance, 18th Space Defense Squadron, 19th Space Defense Squadron, and 20th Space Surveillance Squadron.

References

Notes
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Haulman, Daniel L. (15 April 2008). "Factsheet 1 Space Control Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  2. ↑ Sloan p. 98
  3. ↑ Wood, Douglas S. (2 August 2005). "Cataloging space junk: Working on the 'world's largest jigsaw puzzle'". CNN. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  4. ↑ "21st Space Wing [21 SW]". Globalsecurity.org. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  5. ↑ Miller, James G. (Gil) (2007). "A New Sensor Allocation Algorithm for the Space Surveillance Network". MOR Journal Abstracts. Vol. 12, no. 1. Military Operations Research Society. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  6. 1 2 Bridges, Holly (2007). "Space: the final recruiting frontier". The Maple Leaf. 10 (5). National Defence and the Canadian Forces. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  7. ↑ Staff writer(s) (10 June 2003). "SGI Systems Help U.S. Air Force Space Command Detect, Track, Identify And Catalog Man-Made Objects in Space". Archived from the original on 19 November 2006. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  8. ↑ Schmalz, Trisha (6 August 2007). "NASA honors 1st Space Control Squadron team". Air Force Space Command Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  9. ↑ Kelso, T.S.; Morris, R.F.; DeVere, G.T.; Randolph, J.C.; Bowman, B.R.; Racca, R.A.; Thurston, N.L. "Space Surveillance Contributions to the STS 107 Accident Investigation" (PDF). Celestrak.com. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  10. ↑ Zubeck, Pam (16 June 2006). "Cheyenne Mountain's fate may lie in study contents". The Colorado Springs Gazette. Archived from the original on 19 March 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  11. ↑ "Space News: "Chilton: Progress Is Being Made On Space Situational Awareness," 24 Apr 2007". Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  12. 1 2 Stewart, SRA Erica (9 June 2008). "1st Space Control Squadron inactivates, joins 14th AOC". 30th Space Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  13. ↑ de Yoanna, Michelle (3 May 2007). "Bad move? As NORAD leaves Cheyenne Mountain, some worry it's a dangerous mistake". Colorado Springs Independent. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  14. 1 2 3 Robertson, Patsy (3 April 2009). "Factsheet 1 Expeditionary Space Control Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  15. ↑ "Peterson AFB Library Biographies: Col Scott F. Shepherd". 460 Space Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  16. ↑ Scully, Janene (29 October 2007). "Space unit settles in at VAFB". Santa Maria Times. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "Air Force Personnel Services: Unit Awards". Air Force Personnel Center. Retrieved 20 May 2017. (search)

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.