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Hagia Sophia, officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque, is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. The last of three church buildings to be successively erected on the site by the Eastern Roman Empire, it was completed in 537 AD. The site was a Chalcedonian church from 360 AD to 1054, an Orthodox church following the Great Schism of 1054, and a Catholic church following the Fourth Crusade. It was reclaimed in 1261 and remained Eastern Orthodox until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It served as a mosque until 1935, when it became a museum. In 2020, the site once again became a mosque.
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The history of the Catholic Church is integral to the history of Christianity as a whole. It is also, according to church historian Mark A. Noll, the "world's oldest continuously functioning international institution." This article covers a period of just under two thousand years.
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Christianity in Turkey has a long history dating back to the early origins of Christianity in Asia Minor during the 1st century AD. In modern times the percentage of Christians in Turkey has declined from 20 to 25 percent in 1914 to 3–5.5 percent in 1927, to 0.3–0.4%, roughly translating to 200,000–320,000 devotees. The percentage of Christians in Turkey fell mainly as a result of the late Ottoman genocides: the Armenian genocide, Greek genocide, and Assyrian genocide, the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the emigration of Christians that began in the late 19th century and gained pace in the first quarter of the 20th century, and due to events such as the 1942 Varlık Vergisi tax levied on non-Muslim citizens in Turkey and the 1955 Istanbul pogrom against Greek and Armenian Christians. Exact numbers are difficult to estimate as many former Muslim converts to Christianity often hide their Christian faith for fear of familial pressure, religious discrimination, and persecution.
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The following is a timeline of the history of the town of Istanbul, Turkey.
Events in the year 2018 in Sri Lanka.
Gaudete et exsultate is the third apostolic exhortation of Pope Francis, dated 19 March 2018 and published on 9 April 2018, subtitled "on the call to holiness in today's world". It addresses the universal call to holiness, with a focus "to repropose the call to holiness in a practical way for our own time".
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This is a timeline of events during the year 2022 which relate to religion.
This is a timeline of events during the year 2021 which relate to religion.
This is a timeline of events during the year 2019 which relate to religion.
References
- ↑ Rasheed, Zaheena; Cader, Irfan. "Sri Lanka 'on the brink' amid fresh anti-Muslim violence". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ↑ McCormick, Bill (9 April 2018). "Gaudete et Exsultate: An Overview". The Jesuit Post. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ↑ Faridz, Devianti; McKirdy, Euan; Mackintosh, Eliza (14 May 2018). "Three families were behind the ISIS-inspired bombings in Indonesia's Surabaya, police said". CNN. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ↑ Jacobs, Julia (18 August 2018). "Stop Saying 'Mormon,' Church Leader Says. But Is the Real Name Too Long?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ↑ Byrne, Leanna (25 August 2018). "Papal visit: How Ireland received Pope Francis". BBC News. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ↑ "Erdoğan inaugurates Central Asia's largest mosque in Kyrgyzstan". Daily Sabah. 2 September 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ↑ "Russia's Orthodox Church freezes ties with Constantinople over Ukraine spat". Reuters. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ↑ Sytas, Andrius (22 September 2018). "Use lesson of oppression to promote tolerance, Pope urges Lithuania". Reuters. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ↑ Chavez, Nicole; Grinberg, Emanuella; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (28 October 2018). "Pittsburgh synagogue gunman said he wanted all Jews to die, criminal complaint says". CNN. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ↑ Khan, M Ilyas (31 October 2018). "Asia Bibi: Pakistan Supreme Court's 'historic' ruling". BBC News. Retrieved 28 March 2023.