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Iraq is a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic. It is a multi-party system whereby the executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers as the head of government, the President of Iraq as the head of state, and legislative power is vested in the Council of Representatives.
Under the Iraqi constitution of 1925, Iraq was a constitutional monarchy, with a bicameral legislature consisting of an elected House of Representatives and an appointed Senate. The lower house was elected every four years by manhood suffrage. The first Parliament met in 1925. Ten general elections were held before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958.
The Kurdistan Social Democratic Party is a political party in Kurdistan Region. It was founded as Kurdistan Socialist Party - Iraq. The first leader was Saleh Yousefi after 1981.
The Kurdistan Toilers' Party was founded in 1985 by Qadir Ezîz and Ebdulxaliq Zengene as a splinter of the short-lived alliance Kurdistan United Socialist Party (HSYK), which had included the Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party, the Socialist Movement of Kurdistan and the two splinters of the South Kurdistan Movement. They had belonged to the left wing of the party and had criticized the leadership for abandoning socialism in favor of tribal democracy.
The Kurdistan Regional Parliament, also known as Kurdistan Parliament - Iraq, or simply Perleman, is the parliament of the Kurdistan Region in Iraq. It is made up of representatives from the various parties, lists or slates that are elected every four years by the inhabitants of Kurdistan Region, which is currently governed by the Kurdistan Regional Government. In 2009 an amendment was applied to the Kurdistan Election Law of the year 1992, changing the name of the body to Kurdish Parliament from its previous name: the Kurdish National Assembly.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 7 March 2010. The elections decided the 325 members of the Council of Representatives who would elect the prime minister and president. The elections resulted in a partial victory for the Iraqi National Movement, led by former Interim Prime Minister Ayad Allawi, which won 91 seats, making it the largest alliance in the Council. The State of Law Coalition, led by incumbent Prime Minister Nouri Al-Maliki, was the second largest grouping with 89 seats.
The Kurdistan Region parliamentary elections of 2009 took place on 25 July 2009. A total of 2.5 million citizens of Kurdistan Region were eligible to vote for the parliamentary and presidential elections. People currently living outside Kurdistan Region were not allowed to vote. The elections followed the 2005 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election. The parliamentary elections coincided with the direct election of the President of Kurdistan. Unlike the parliamentary elections in 2005, the president of Kurdistan was to be chosen directly through popular votes. A referendum to approve the constitution of Kurdistan Region originally planned for the same day was put back to 1 August.
The Gorran Movement or just Gorran (Change) is a Kurdish political party in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Formerly under the leadership of Omar Said Ali, it was founded in 2009 by Nawshirwan Mustafa. Gorran is the sixth largest party in the Kurdistan Region, having lost almost all of its voters (95%) since its foundation, and is now no longer represented in the Iraqi parliament.
The Kurdistan Region presidential elections of 2009 took place on 25 July 2009, coinciding with the 2009 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election. A total of 2.5 million citizens of Kurdistan Region were eligible to vote in the parliamentary and presidential elections. It is the first time that the President of Kurdistan Region was chosen directly through popular votes. People currently living outside Kurdistan Region were not allowed to vote.
The Turkmen Democratic Movement is a political party in Iraq that is headed by Kalkhi Najmaddin Noureddin. It split off from the Turkey-backed Iraqi Turkmen Front in 2004 by members who believed that the intervention of Turkey in Iraqi Turkmen politics is not getting the Iraqi Turkmen community anywhere. It supports the annexation of Kirkuk to the Kurdistan Region, and an end to Turkish involvement in Iraqi Turkmen affairs. The party won 3 seats in the Kurdistan National Assembly at the 2009 election, making them the leading Turkmen political force in that body. The party sought to obtain a ministerial portfolio following those elections.
Governorate or provincial elections were held in Iraq on 20 April 2013, to replace the local councils in the governorates of Iraq that were elected in the Iraqi governorate elections of 2009. Elections took place in 12 of Iraq's 18 governorates. Elections didn't take place in the 3 governorates forming the Kurdistan Region or Kirkuk, Anbar, or Nineveh, meaning that a total of 378 provincial council seats were up for election.
The Kurdistan Region parliamentary elections of 2013 took place on 21 September 2013. It was the fourth legislative election in Kurdistan Region since 1992. The candidates were competing for a total of 111 seats out of which 11 seats were reserved for minorities. According to the Iraqi High Electoral Commission, there were 366 female and 736 male candidates for the elections. A total of 2,653,743 people were eligible to vote throughout the three provinces of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Dohuk of which 74% cast their ballots.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 30 April 2014. The elections decided the 328 members of the Council of Representatives who will in turn elect the Iraqi president and prime minister.
Parliamentary elections took place in Kurdistan Region on 30 September 2018 to elect Parliament. The election came a year after a failed bid for independence and left the ruling Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) with 45 seats, that positioning it to lead the next regional government. Announcement of the results was delayed for three weeks. The KDP's historic rival and junior coalition partner in government, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), was in second place with 21 seats. The results suggest that Masoud Barzani’s KDP will take a dominant position in Kurdish politics.
The President of Kurdistan Region is the head of autonomous Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq. They are part of the Kurdistan Presidency Council. The current President of Kurdistan Region is Nechirvan Barzani, who assumed office on 10 June 2019.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 12 May 2018. The elections decided the 329 members of the Council of Representatives, the country's unicameral legislature, who in turn will elect the Iraqi president and prime minister. The Iraqi parliament ordered a manual recount of the results on 6 June 2018. On 10 June 2018, a storage site in Baghdad housing roughly half of the ballots from the May parliamentary election caught fire.
The National Coalition, founded by Barham Salih under the name Coalition for Democracy and Justice is a Kurdish political party in Iraqi Kurdistan.
The New Generation Movement or Naway Nwe is an Iraqi Kurdish political party formed to contest the 2018 general election.
Governorate or provincial elections were scheduled to be held in Iraq on 20 April 2020, to replace the provincial councils in the governorates of Iraq that were elected in the 2013 Iraqi governorate elections and, in Kurdistan Region, in the 2014 elections. The elections were delayed indefinitely in November 2019, amidst demonstrations demanding the end of the existing political system.
References
- ↑ "President Nechirvan Barzani announces the date of the Kurdistan Parliament election". presidency.gov.krd. March 3, 2024. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
- ↑ "IHEC to request new date for Kurdistan Parliament elections: IHEC spox". Kurdistan 24. March 3, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ↑ "Kurdistan Region President sets June 10th for parliamentary elections". Kurdistan 24. 3 March 2024.
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See also: Elections and referendums in Iraq | |
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