Following the 2025 Dutch general election on 29 October, an ongoing process of cabinet formation was started. On 4 November, Wouter Koolmees was selected as scout, after being nominated by the largest party, Democrats 66 (D66). On his advice, D66 and Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) started substantial negotiations on 13 November 2025. They are guided by informateur Sybrand Buma (CDA), after Hans Wijers (D66) resigned on the second day after doubts emerged regarding his neutrality.
The previous Schoof cabinet, established after the lengthy 2023–2024 cabinet formation, included the Party for Freedom (PVV), People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), New Social Contract (NSC), and Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB). The cabinet fell on 3 June 2025, after the PVV left the coalition due to disagreements on asylum policy.
During the campaign, possible coalitions were discussed. GL-PvdA, D66, CDA, and smaller parties continued to exclude the PVV. The VVD ruled out governing with the PVV, as it had done between 2023 and 2025. The VVD also repeatedly made clear it did not want to join a coalition with the GL-PvdA. [1]
Based on the results, a centrist cabinet of D66, VVD, CDA, and GroenLinks-PvdA would have a majority of 86 seats in the House. A centre-right cabinet of D66, VVD, CDA, and JA21 would have 75 seats, and would require a fifth party to reach a majority. D66 and PVV won 26 seats each, with D66 winning more votes. 26 seats was the lowest number of seats ever won by the largest party. [2]
Because of uncertainty over which party would end up as the largest, the selection of a scout was postponed until 4 November. [3] President of the Nederlandse Spoorwegen and former minister Wouter Koolmees was selected as scout, as proposed by his party D66. [4]
Koolmees met the party leaders on 5 and 6 November. D66 party leader Rob Jetten expressed a preference for a centrist coalition. [1] He was open to negotiating with JA21 if not together with VVD. [5] GroenLinks–PvdA parliamentary leader Jesse Klaver, who was chosen after lead candidate Frans Timmermans retired following the electoral loss, was open to either governing or remaining in opposition. PVV leader Geert Wilders wanted to join a coalition, and ruled out providing confidence and supply. [6] VVD leader Dilan Yeşilgöz reiterated that the VVD did not want to form a coalition with GroenLinks–PvdA, instead favouring a centre-right coalition with JA21. CDA leader Henri Bontenbal refused to express a preference. [7] JA21 leader Joost Eerdmans preferred a right-wing coalition with a majority, and said there was no chance of a coalition with GroenLinks–PvdA. [8]
BBB leader Caroline van der Plas said she did not want to join a cabinet but was "not opposed" to a coalition of D66, VVD, CDA, and JA21. [9] SP leader Jimmy Dijk and CU leader Mirjam Bikker saw no role for their parties in a cabinet, and predicted the centrist cabinet as the most logical option. [10] [11] SGP leader Chris Stoffer favoured the formation of a right-wing coalition, possibly with PVV, and ruled out joining or supporting a cabinet with D66. [12]
On 7 November, Koolmees met with Jetten and Eerdmans, and with Yeşilgöz and Klaver. Neither meeting changed the positions of VVD or D66 regarding GroenLinks–PvdA and JA21 respectively. [13] At the end of his assignment on 11 November, Koolmees advised that D66 and CDA should negotiate for three weeks. Their negotiations should focus on housing, nitrogen, the economy, international security, and migration. [5]
On 13 November, mayor of Leeuwarden and former CDA leader Sybrand Buma and former D66 minister Hans Wijers were appointed as informateurs, with the assignment proposed by Koolmees. [14] On the same day, NRC stated that Wijers had expressed a preference for a centrist cabinet on election night, and had called Yeşilgöz a liar. At a press conference on 13 November, he retracted his comments and apologised. [15] Journalist Eric Smit later claimed it was him, not Wijers, who had made the remarks. [16] The next day, NRC confronted Wijers with an older private message in which he called Yeşilgöz "a witch", at which he resigned. [17]