List of Dutch cabinet formations

Last updated

Expected parliamentary leaders meeting the day after the election to appoint a scout during the 2021-2022 cabinet formation. Fractievoorzitters overleg kabinetsformatie 2021-22 (1).jpg
Expected parliamentary leaders meeting the day after the election to appoint a scout during the 2021–2022 cabinet formation.

This is a list of Dutch cabinet formations. This includes attempts to form or continue with a cabinet after a cabinet crisis.

Contents

In most cases, a cabinet formation is started after a general election after which a majority cabinet is sought. In some cases it results in a minority cabinet. After the fall of a cabinet, a new start can be made with part of the fallen cabinet. Then there may be a rump cabinet, which is also often a minority cabinet.

List

FormationStart [lower-alpha 1] End [lower-alpha 2] Length
(days) [lower-alpha 3]
CabinetRef.
1848 16 March 184825 March 184810 Schimmelpenninck [2]
De Kempenaer-Donker Curtius [lower-alpha 4]
1849 19 September 18491 November 184944 Thorbecke I [3]
1853 16 April 185319 April 18534 Van Hall/Donker Curtius [4]
1856 1 June 18561 July 185647 Van der Brugghen [5]
1858 3 March 185818 March 185816 Rochussen [6]
1860 17 February 186023 February 18607 Van Hall/Van Heemstra [7]
1861 16 February 186114 March 186127 Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra [8]
1861–1862 18 December 1861 [lower-alpha 5] 1 February 186246 Thorbecke II [9]
Jan–Feb 1866 29 January 186610 February 186613 Fransen van de Putte [10]
May–Jun 1866 24 May 18661 June 18669 Van Zuylen van Nijevelt [11]
1868 17 April 18684 June 186849 Van Bosse/Fock [12]
1870–1871 24 November 18704 January 187142 Thorbecke III [13]
1872 25 June 18726 July 187212 De Vries/Fransen van de Putte [14]
1874 14 July 187427 August 187445 Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg [15]
1877 16 October 18773 November 187719 Kappeyne van de Coppello [16]
1879 12 July 187920 August 187940 Van Lynden van Sandenburg [17]
1882 10 May 188212 August 188295
1883 4 March 188323 April 188351 J. Heemskerk [18]
1888 28 March 188821 April 188825 Mackay [19] [20]
1891 24 June 189121 August 189158 Van Tienhoven [21]
1894 25 April 18949 May 189415 Röell [22]
1897 26 June 189727 July 189732 Pierson [23]
1901 28 June 19011 August 190135 Kuyper [24] [25]
1905 29 June 190517 August 190550 De Meester [26]
1907 12 February 190721 March 190738
1907–1908 25 December 190712 February 190850 T. Heemskerk [27] [28]
1913 26 June 191329 August 191365 Cort van der Linden [29]
1918 4 July 19189 September 191868 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I [30] [31]
1921 22 June 192126 July 192135 [30] [32]
1922 6 July 192218 September 192275 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II [33]
1923–1924 26 October 19237 January 192473
1925 2 July 19254 August 192534 Colijn I [34]
1925–1926 24 November 19258 March 1926105 De Geer I [35]
1929 3 July 192910 August 192939 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III [36]
1933 27 April 193326 May 193330 Colijn II [37]
1935 26 July 193531 July 19356 Colijn III [38]
1937 27 May 193724 June 193729 Colijn IV [39]
Jun–Jul 1939 30 June 193925 July 193926 Colijn V [40]
Aug 1939 4 August 193910 August 19397 De Geer II [41]
1940 28 August 19403 September 19407 Gerbrandy I [42]
1941 1 July 194127 July 194127 Gerbrandy II
Feb 1945 22 January 194523 February 194533 Gerbrandy III [43]
May-Jun 1945 9 May 194524 June 194547 Schermerhorn-Drees [44]
1946 18 May 19463 July 194647 Beel I [45] [46]
1948 8 July 19487 August 194831 Drees-Van Schaik [47] [48]
1951 29 January 195115 March 195144 Drees I [49] [50]
1952 26 June 19522 September 195269 Drees II [51] [52]
1955 18 May 19553 June 195517 [53]
1956 14 June 195613 October 1956121 Drees III [54] [55]
1958 13 December 195822 December 195810 Beel II [lower-alpha 6] [56] [57]
1959 13 March 195919 May 195967 De Quay [58] [59]
1960–1961 24 December 19602 January 196110 [60]
1963 16 May 196324 July 196370 Marijnen [61] [62]
1965 28 February 196514 April 196546 Cals [63] [64]
1966 18 October 196622 November 196635 Zijlstra [lower-alpha 6] [65] [66]
1967 16 February 19675 April 196749 De Jong [67] [68]
1971 29 April 19716 July 197169 Biesheuvel I [69] [70]
1972 19 July 19729 August 197211 Biesheuvel II [lower-alpha 6] [71] [72]
1972–1973 30 November 197211 May 1973163 Den Uyl [73] [74]
1977 26 May 197719 December 1977208 Van Agt I [75] [76]
1981 27 May 198111 September 1981108 Van Agt II [77] [78]
16 October 19814 November 198119
May–Jun 1982 14 May 198229 May 198217 Van Agt III [lower-alpha 6] [79] [80]
Sep–Nov 1982 9 September 19824 November 198257 Lubbers I [81] [82]
1986 22 May 198614 July 198654 Lubbers II [83] [84]
1989 7 September 19897 November 198962 Lubbers III [85] [86]
1994 4 May 199422 August 1994111 Kok I [87] [88]
1998 6 May 19983 August 199889 Kok II [89] [90]
1999 20 May 19998 June 199920 [91] [92]
2002 16 May 200222 July 200268 Balkenende I [93] [94]
2003 23 January 200327 May 2003122 Balkenende II [95] [96]
2006 30 June 20067 July 20067 Balkenende III [lower-alpha 6] [97]
2006–2007 23 November 200622 February 200790 Balkenende IV [98] [99]
2010 10 June 201014 October 2010127 Rutte I [100] [101]
2012 13 September 20125 November 201254 Rutte II [102] [103]
2017 16 March 201726 October 2017225 Rutte III [104] [105]
2021–2022 18 March 202110 January 2022299 Rutte IV [1] [106]
2023–2024 23 November 20232 July 2024223 Schoof [107]

See also

Notes

  1. In the case of a regular cabinet formation, it is the day after the elections. In other cases, it is generally the day after a cabinet requested dismissal.
  2. In the case of cabinet formations that lead to a new cabinet, this is the day when the new cabinet is sworn in.
  3. Calculated from the day after the general elections until the day when the cabinet is sworn in. [1] Not all sources use the same starting point.
  4. The De Kempenaer-Donker Curtius cabinet succeeded the preceding cabinet in 1848 without a cabinet formation.
  5. The Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra cabinet resigned on 17 December 1861.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Rump cabinet.

Citations

  1. 1 2 "Kabinetsformatie 2021-2022" [Cabinet formation 2021-2022]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  2. "Kabinetten-Schimmelpenninck en -Donker Curtius (1848)" [Cabinets Schimmelpennick and Donker Curtius (1848)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  3. "Kabinet-Thorbecke I (1849-1853)" [Cabinet Thorkecke I (1849-1853)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  4. "Kabinet-Van Hall/Donker Curtius (1853-1856)" [Cabinet Van Hall/Donker Curtius (1853-1856)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  5. "Kabinet-Van der Brugghen (1856-1858)" [Cabinet Van der Brugghen (1856-1858)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  6. "Kabinet-Rochussen (1858-1860)" [Cabinet Rochussen (1858-1860)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  7. "Kabinet-Van Hall/Van Heemstra (1860-1861)" [Cabinet Van Hall/Van Heemstra (1860-1861)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  8. "Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra (1861-1862)" [Cabinet Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra (1861-1862)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  9. "Kabinet-Thorbecke II (1862-1866)" [Cabinet Thorbecke II (1862-1866)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  10. "Kabinet-Fransen van de Putte (1866)" [Cabinet Fransen van de Putte (1866)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  11. "Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1866-1868)" [Cabinet Van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1866-1868)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  12. "Kabinet-Van Bosse/Fock (1868-1871)" [Cabinet Van Bosse/Fock (1868-1871)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  13. "Kabinet-Thorbecke III (1871-1872)" [Cabinet Thorbecke III (1871-1872)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  14. "Kabinet-De Vries/Fransen van de Putte (1872-1874)" [Cabinet De Vries/Fransen van de Putte (1872-1874)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  15. "Kabinet-Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1874-1877)" [Cabinet Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1874-1877)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  16. "Kabinet-Kappeyne van de Coppello (1877-1879)" [Cabinet Kappeyne van de Coppello (1877-1879)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  17. "Kabinet-Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1879-1883)" [Cabinet Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1879-1883)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  18. "Kabinet-Heemskerk Azn. (1883-1888)" [Cabinet Heemskerk Azn. (1883-1888)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  19. "Kabinet-Mackay (1888-1891)" [Cabinet Mackay (1888-1891)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  20. Westenbroek, A.J.M. (1976). "De kabinetsformatie Mackay 1888 II" [The cabinet formation Mackay 1888 II](PDF). Anti-Revolutionaire Staatkunde (in Dutch). Dr. Abraham Kuyperstichting. pp. 262–273. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  21. "Kabinet-Van Tienhoven (1891-1894)" [Cabinet Van Tienhoven (1891-1894)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  22. "Kabinet-Röell (1894-1897)" [Cabinet Röell (1894-1897)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  23. "Kabinet-Pierson (1897-1901)" [Cabinet Pierson (1897-1901)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  24. "Kabinet-Kuyper (1901-1905)" [Cabinet Kuyper (1901-1905)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  25. De Bruijn, Jan (2001). 'Kuyper ist ein Luegner' (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Historisch Documentatiecentrum voor het Nederlands Protestantisme. ISBN   9072319168.
  26. "Kabinet-De Meester (1905-1908)" [Cabinet De Meester (1905-1908)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  27. "Kabinet-Heemskerk (1908-1913)" [Cabinet Heemskerk (1908-1913)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  28. De Bruijn, Jan (2012). Wilhelmina formeert (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Boom. ISBN   9789461053008.
  29. "Kabinet-Cort van der Linden (1913-1918)" [Cabinet Cort van der Linden (1913-1918)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  30. 1 2 "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I (1918-1922)" [Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I (1918-1922)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  31. Puchinger 1970, pp. 27–141.
  32. Puchinger 1970, pp. 165–199.
  33. "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II (1922-1925)" [Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II (1922-1925)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  34. "Kabinet-Colijn I (1925-1926)" [Cabinet Colijn I (1925-1926)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  35. "Kabinet-De Geer I (1926-1929)" [Cabinet De Geer I (1926-1929)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  36. "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III (1929-1933)" [Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III (1929-1933)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  37. "Kabinet-Colijn II (1933-1935)" [Cabinet Colijn II (1933-1935)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  38. "Kabinet-Colijn III (1935-1937)" [Cabinet Colijn III (1935-1937)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  39. "Kabinet-Colijn IV (1937-1939)" [Cabinet Colijn IV (1937-1939)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  40. "Kabinet-Colijn V (1939)" [Cabinet Colijn V (1939)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  41. "Kabinet-De Geer II (1939-1940)" [Cabinet De Geer II (1939-1940)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  42. "Kabinet-Gerbrandy I en II (1940-1945)" [Cabinet Gerbrandy I and II (1940-1945)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  43. "Kabinet-Gerbrandy III (1945)" [Cabinet Gerbrandy I (1945)]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  44. "Kabinetsformatie 1945" [Cabinet formation 1945]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  45. "Kabinetsformatie 1946" [Cabinet formation 1946]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  46. Duynstee 1966, pp. 1–4.
  47. "Kabinetsformatie 1948" [Cabinet formation 1948]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  48. Duynstee 1966, pp. 16–24.
  49. "Kabinetsformatie 1951" [Cabinet formation 1951]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  50. Duynstee 1966, pp. 36–52.
  51. "Kabinetsformatie 1952" [Cabinet formation 1952]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  52. Duynstee 1966, pp. 54–72.
  53. Duynstee 1966, pp. 75–84.
  54. "Kabinetsformatie 1956" [Cabinet formation 1956]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  55. Duynstee 1966, pp. 86–159.
  56. "Kabinetsformatie 1958" [Cabinet formation 1958]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  57. Duynstee 1966, pp. 199–208.
  58. "Kabinetsformatie 1959" [Cabinet formation 1959]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  59. Duynstee 1966, pp. 209–234.
  60. Duynstee 1966, pp. 246–254.
  61. "Kabinetsformatie 1963" [Cabinet formation 1963]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  62. Duynstee 1966, pp. 276–329.
  63. "Kabinetsformatie 1965" [Cabinet formation 1965]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  64. Duynstee 1966, pp. 360–432.
  65. "Kabinetsformatie 1966" [Cabinet formation 1966]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  66. Maas 1982, pp. 184–206.
  67. "Kabinetsformatie 1967" [Cabinet formation 1967]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  68. Maas 1982, pp. 207–250.
  69. "Kabinetsformatie 1971" [Cabinet formation 1971]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  70. Maas 1982, pp. 256–281.
  71. "Kabinetsformatie 1972" [Cabinet formation 1972]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  72. Maas 1982, pp. 299–318.
  73. "Kabinetsformatie 1972-1973" [Cabinet formation 1972-1973]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  74. Maas 1982, pp. 319–368.
  75. "Kabinetsformatie 1977" [Cabinet formation 1977]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  76. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 11–80.
  77. "Kabinetsformatie 1981" [Cabinet formation 1981]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  78. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 81–114.
  79. "Kabinetsformatie juni 1982 (zomerkabinetje)" [Cabinet formation June 1982 (summer cabinet)]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  80. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 115–128.
  81. "Kabinetsformatie 1982" [Cabinet formation 1982]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  82. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 129–160.
  83. "Kabinetsformatie 1986" [Cabinet formation 1986]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  84. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 161–190.
  85. "Kabinetsformatie 1989" [Cabinet formation 1989]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  86. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 191–220.
  87. "Kabinetsformatie 1994" [Cabinet formation 1994]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  88. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 221–266.
  89. "Kabinetsformatie 1998" [Cabinet formation 1998]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  90. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 267–302.
  91. "Kabinetscrisis 1999: de Nacht van Wiegel" [Cabinet crisis 1999: the Night of Wiegel]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  92. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 303–318.
  93. "Kabinetsformatie 2002" [Cabinet formation 2002]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  94. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 319–348.
  95. "Kabinetsformatie 2003" [Cabinet formation 2003]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  96. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 349–388.
  97. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 389–402.
  98. "Kabinetsformatie 2006-2007" [Cabinet formation 2006-2007]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  99. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 403–446.
  100. "Kabinetsformatie 2010" [Cabinet formation 2010]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  101. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 447–510.
  102. "Kabinetsformatie 2012" [Cabinet formation 2012]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  103. Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 511–524.
  104. "Kabinetsformatie 2017" [Cabinet formation 2017]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  105. Bovend'Eert, Paul; Bootsma, Peter; Van Kessel, Alexander (2018-12-06). Evaluatie Kabinetsformatie 2017 [Evaluation Cabinet formation 2017](PDF). Den Haag.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  106. Van Baalen, Carla; Van Kessel, Alexander; Bovend'Eert, Paul; Van Twist, Mark (21 February 2023). Evaluatie kabinetsformatie 2021/22 (PDF) (in Dutch). Centrum voor Parlementaire Geschiedenis. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  107. "Kabinetsformatie 2023-2024" [Cabinet formation 2023-2024]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 December 2023.

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References