List of Dutch cabinet formations

Last updated

Expected parliamentary leaders meeting the day after the election to appoint a scout during the 2021-2022 cabinet formation. Fractievoorzitters overleg kabinetsformatie 2021-22 (1).jpg
Expected parliamentary leaders meeting the day after the election to appoint a scout during the 2021–2022 cabinet formation.

This is a list of Dutch cabinet formations. This includes attempts to form or continue with a cabinet after a cabinet crisis.

Contents

In most cases, a cabinet formation is started after a general election after which a majority cabinet is sought. In some cases it results in a minority cabinet. After the fall of a cabinet, a new start can be made with part of the fallen cabinet. Then there may be a rump cabinet, which is also often a minority cabinet.

List

FormationStart [a] End [b] Length
(days) [c] 		CabinetRef.
1848 16 March 184825 March 184810 Schimmelpenninck [2]
De Kempenaer-Donker Curtius [d]
1849 19 September 18491 November 184944 Thorbecke I [3]
1853 16 April 185319 April 18534 Van Hall/Donker Curtius [4]
1856 1 June 18561 July 185647 Van der Brugghen [5]
1858 3 March 185818 March 185816 Rochussen [6]
1860 17 February 186023 February 18607 Van Hall/Van Heemstra [7]
1861 16 February 186114 March 186127 Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra [8]
1861–1862 18 December 1861 [e] 1 February 186246 Thorbecke II [9]
Jan–Feb 1866 29 January 186610 February 186613 Fransen van de Putte [10]
May–Jun 1866 24 May 18661 June 18669 Van Zuylen van Nijevelt [11]
1868 17 April 18684 June 186849 Van Bosse/Fock [12]
1870–1871 24 November 18704 January 187142 Thorbecke III [13]
1872 25 June 18726 July 187212 De Vries/Fransen van de Putte [14]
1874 14 July 187427 August 187445 Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg [15]
1877 16 October 18773 November 187719 Kappeyne van de Coppello [16]
1879 12 July 187920 August 187940 Van Lynden van Sandenburg [17]
1882 10 May 188212 August 188295
1883 4 March 188323 April 188351 J. Heemskerk [18]
1888 28 March 188821 April 188825 Mackay [19] [20]
1891 24 June 189121 August 189158 Van Tienhoven [21]
1894 25 April 18949 May 189415 Röell [22]
1897 26 June 189727 July 189732 Pierson [23]
1901 28 June 19011 August 190135 Kuyper [24] [25]
1905 29 June 190517 August 190550 De Meester [26]
1907 12 February 190721 March 190738
1907–1908 25 December 190712 February 190850 T. Heemskerk [27] [28]
1913 26 June 191329 August 191365 Cort van der Linden [29]
1918 4 July 19189 September 191868 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I [30] [31]
1921 22 June 192126 July 192135 [30] [32]
1922 6 July 192218 September 192275 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II [33]
1923–1924 26 October 19237 January 192473
1925 2 July 19254 August 192534 Colijn I [34]
1925–1926 24 November 19258 March 1926105 De Geer I [35]
1929 3 July 192910 August 192939 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III [36]
1933 27 April 193326 May 193330 Colijn II [37]
1935 26 July 193531 July 19356 Colijn III [38]
1937 27 May 193724 June 193729 Colijn IV [39]
Jun–Jul 1939 30 June 193925 July 193926 Colijn V [40]
Aug 1939 4 August 193910 August 19397 De Geer II [41]
1940 28 August 19403 September 19407 Gerbrandy I [42]
1941 1 July 194127 July 194127 Gerbrandy II
Feb 1945 22 January 194523 February 194533 Gerbrandy III [43]
May-Jun 1945 9 May 194524 June 194547 Schermerhorn-Drees [44]
1946 18 May 19463 July 194647 Beel I [45] [46]
1948 8 July 19487 August 194831 Drees-Van Schaik [47] [48]
1951 29 January 195115 March 195144 Drees I [49] [50]
1952 26 June 19522 September 195269 Drees II [51] [52]
1955 18 May 19553 June 195517 [53]
1956 14 June 195613 October 1956121 Drees III [54] [55]
1958 13 December 195822 December 195810 Beel II [f] [56] [57]
1959 13 March 195919 May 195967 De Quay [58] [59]
1960–1961 24 December 19602 January 196110 [60]
1963 16 May 196324 July 196370 Marijnen [61] [62]
1965 28 February 196514 April 196546 Cals [63] [64]
1966 18 October 196622 November 196635 Zijlstra [f] [65] [66]
1967 16 February 19675 April 196749 De Jong [67] [68]
1971 29 April 19716 July 197169 Biesheuvel I [69] [70]
1972 19 July 19729 August 197211 Biesheuvel II [f] [71] [72]
1972–1973 30 November 197211 May 1973163 Den Uyl [73] [74]
1977 26 May 197719 December 1977208 Van Agt I [75] [76]
1981 27 May 198111 September 1981108 Van Agt II [77] [78]
16 October 19814 November 198119
May–Jun 1982 14 May 198229 May 198217 Van Agt III [f] [79] [80]
Sep–Nov 1982 9 September 19824 November 198257 Lubbers I [81] [82]
1986 22 May 198614 July 198654 Lubbers II [83] [84]
1989 7 September 19897 November 198962 Lubbers III [85] [86]
1994 4 May 199422 August 1994111 Kok I [87] [88]
1998 6 May 19983 August 199889 Kok II [89] [90]
1999 20 May 19998 June 199920 [91] [92]
2002 16 May 200222 July 200268 Balkenende I [93] [94]
2003 23 January 200327 May 2003122 Balkenende II [95] [96]
2006 30 June 20067 July 20067 Balkenende III [f] [97]
2006–2007 23 November 200622 February 200790 Balkenende IV [98] [99]
2010 10 June 201014 October 2010127 Rutte I [100] [101]
2012 13 September 20125 November 201254 Rutte II [102] [103]
2017 16 March 201726 October 2017225 Rutte III [104] [105]
2021–2022 18 March 202110 January 2022299 Rutte IV [1] [106]
2023–2024 23 November 20232 July 2024223 Schoof [107]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ In the case of a regular cabinet formation, it is the day after the elections. In other cases, it is generally the day after a cabinet requested dismissal.
  2. ↑ In the case of cabinet formations that lead to a new cabinet, this is the day when the new cabinet is sworn in.
  3. ↑ Calculated from the day after the general elections until the day when the cabinet is sworn in. [1] Not all sources use the same starting point.
  4. ↑ The De Kempenaer-Donker Curtius cabinet succeeded the preceding cabinet in 1848 without a cabinet formation.
  5. ↑ The Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra cabinet resigned on 17 December 1861.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Rump cabinet.

Citations

  1. 1 2 "Kabinetsformatie 2021-2022" [Cabinet formation 2021-2022]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  2. ↑ "Kabinetten-Schimmelpenninck en -Donker Curtius (1848)" [Cabinets Schimmelpennick and Donker Curtius (1848)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  3. ↑ "Kabinet-Thorbecke I (1849-1853)" [Cabinet Thorkecke I (1849-1853)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  4. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Hall/Donker Curtius (1853-1856)" [Cabinet Van Hall/Donker Curtius (1853-1856)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  5. ↑ "Kabinet-Van der Brugghen (1856-1858)" [Cabinet Van der Brugghen (1856-1858)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  6. ↑ "Kabinet-Rochussen (1858-1860)" [Cabinet Rochussen (1858-1860)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  7. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Hall/Van Heemstra (1860-1861)" [Cabinet Van Hall/Van Heemstra (1860-1861)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  8. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra (1861-1862)" [Cabinet Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra (1861-1862)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  9. ↑ "Kabinet-Thorbecke II (1862-1866)" [Cabinet Thorbecke II (1862-1866)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  10. ↑ "Kabinet-Fransen van de Putte (1866)" [Cabinet Fransen van de Putte (1866)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  11. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1866-1868)" [Cabinet Van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1866-1868)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  12. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Bosse/Fock (1868-1871)" [Cabinet Van Bosse/Fock (1868-1871)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  13. ↑ "Kabinet-Thorbecke III (1871-1872)" [Cabinet Thorbecke III (1871-1872)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  14. ↑ "Kabinet-De Vries/Fransen van de Putte (1872-1874)" [Cabinet De Vries/Fransen van de Putte (1872-1874)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  15. ↑ "Kabinet-Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1874-1877)" [Cabinet Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1874-1877)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  16. ↑ "Kabinet-Kappeyne van de Coppello (1877-1879)" [Cabinet Kappeyne van de Coppello (1877-1879)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  17. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1879-1883)" [Cabinet Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1879-1883)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  18. ↑ "Kabinet-Heemskerk Azn. (1883-1888)" [Cabinet Heemskerk Azn. (1883-1888)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  19. ↑ "Kabinet-Mackay (1888-1891)" [Cabinet Mackay (1888-1891)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  20. ↑ Westenbroek, A.J.M. (1976). "De kabinetsformatie Mackay 1888 II" [The cabinet formation Mackay 1888 II](PDF). Anti-Revolutionaire Staatkunde (in Dutch). Dr. Abraham Kuyperstichting. pp. 262–273. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  21. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Tienhoven (1891-1894)" [Cabinet Van Tienhoven (1891-1894)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  22. ↑ "Kabinet-Röell (1894-1897)" [Cabinet Röell (1894-1897)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  23. ↑ "Kabinet-Pierson (1897-1901)" [Cabinet Pierson (1897-1901)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  24. ↑ "Kabinet-Kuyper (1901-1905)" [Cabinet Kuyper (1901-1905)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  25. ↑ De Bruijn, Jan (2001). 'Kuyper ist ein Luegner' (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Historisch Documentatiecentrum voor het Nederlands Protestantisme. ISBN   90-72319-16-8.
  26. ↑ "Kabinet-De Meester (1905-1908)" [Cabinet De Meester (1905-1908)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  27. ↑ "Kabinet-Heemskerk (1908-1913)" [Cabinet Heemskerk (1908-1913)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  28. ↑ De Bruijn, Jan (2012). Wilhelmina formeert (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Boom. ISBN   978-94-6105-300-8.
  29. ↑ "Kabinet-Cort van der Linden (1913-1918)" [Cabinet Cort van der Linden (1913-1918)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  30. 1 2 "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I (1918-1922)" [Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I (1918-1922)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  31. ↑ Puchinger 1970, pp. 27–141.
  32. ↑ Puchinger 1970, pp. 165–199.
  33. ↑ "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II (1922-1925)" [Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II (1922-1925)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  34. ↑ "Kabinet-Colijn I (1925-1926)" [Cabinet Colijn I (1925-1926)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  35. ↑ "Kabinet-De Geer I (1926-1929)" [Cabinet De Geer I (1926-1929)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  36. ↑ "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III (1929-1933)" [Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III (1929-1933)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  37. ↑ "Kabinet-Colijn II (1933-1935)" [Cabinet Colijn II (1933-1935)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  38. ↑ "Kabinet-Colijn III (1935-1937)" [Cabinet Colijn III (1935-1937)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  39. ↑ "Kabinet-Colijn IV (1937-1939)" [Cabinet Colijn IV (1937-1939)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  40. ↑ "Kabinet-Colijn V (1939)" [Cabinet Colijn V (1939)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  41. ↑ "Kabinet-De Geer II (1939-1940)" [Cabinet De Geer II (1939-1940)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  42. ↑ "Kabinet-Gerbrandy I en II (1940-1945)" [Cabinet Gerbrandy I and II (1940-1945)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  43. ↑ "Kabinet-Gerbrandy III (1945)" [Cabinet Gerbrandy I (1945)]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  44. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1945" [Cabinet formation 1945]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  45. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1946" [Cabinet formation 1946]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  46. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 1–4.
  47. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1948" [Cabinet formation 1948]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  48. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 16–24.
  49. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1951" [Cabinet formation 1951]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  50. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 36–52.
  51. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1952" [Cabinet formation 1952]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  52. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 54–72.
  53. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 75–84.
  54. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1956" [Cabinet formation 1956]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  55. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 86–159.
  56. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1958" [Cabinet formation 1958]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  57. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 199–208.
  58. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1959" [Cabinet formation 1959]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  59. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 209–234.
  60. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 246–254.
  61. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1963" [Cabinet formation 1963]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  62. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 276–329.
  63. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1965" [Cabinet formation 1965]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  64. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 360–432.
  65. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1966" [Cabinet formation 1966]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  66. ↑ Maas 1982, pp. 184–206.
  67. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1967" [Cabinet formation 1967]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  68. ↑ Maas 1982, pp. 207–250.
  69. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1971" [Cabinet formation 1971]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  70. ↑ Maas 1982, pp. 256–281.
  71. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1972" [Cabinet formation 1972]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  72. ↑ Maas 1982, pp. 299–318.
  73. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1972-1973" [Cabinet formation 1972-1973]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  74. ↑ Maas 1982, pp. 319–368.
  75. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1977" [Cabinet formation 1977]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  76. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 11–80.
  77. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1981" [Cabinet formation 1981]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  78. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 81–114.
  79. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie juni 1982 (zomerkabinetje)" [Cabinet formation June 1982 (summer cabinet)]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  80. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 115–128.
  81. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1982" [Cabinet formation 1982]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  82. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 129–160.
  83. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1986" [Cabinet formation 1986]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  84. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 161–190.
  85. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1989" [Cabinet formation 1989]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  86. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 191–220.
  87. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1994" [Cabinet formation 1994]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  88. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 221–266.
  89. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1998" [Cabinet formation 1998]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  90. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 267–302.
  91. ↑ "Kabinetscrisis 1999: de Nacht van Wiegel" [Cabinet crisis 1999: the Night of Wiegel]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  92. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 303–318.
  93. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2002" [Cabinet formation 2002]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  94. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 319–348.
  95. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2003" [Cabinet formation 2003]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  96. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 349–388.
  97. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 389–402.
  98. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2006-2007" [Cabinet formation 2006-2007]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  99. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 403–446.
  100. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2010" [Cabinet formation 2010]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  101. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 447–510.
  102. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2012" [Cabinet formation 2012]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  103. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 511–524.
  104. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2017" [Cabinet formation 2017]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  105. ↑ Bovend'Eert, Paul; Bootsma, Peter; Van Kessel, Alexander (2018-12-06). Evaluatie Kabinetsformatie 2017 [Evaluation Cabinet formation 2017](PDF). Den Haag.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  106. ↑ Van Baalen, Carla; Van Kessel, Alexander; Bovend'Eert, Paul; Van Twist, Mark (21 February 2023). Evaluatie kabinetsformatie 2021/22 (PDF) (in Dutch). Centrum voor Parlementaire Geschiedenis. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  107. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2023-2024" [Cabinet formation 2023-2024]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 December 2023.

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References

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