Second Gerbrandy cabinet

Second Gerbrandy cabinet Third London cabinet
Cabinet of the Netherlands
Meeting of the Second Gerbrandy cabinet in late 1944
Date formed	27 July 1941 (1941-07-27)
Date dissolved	23 February 1945 (1945-02-23) (Demissionary from 21 January 1945 (1945-01-21))
People and organisations
Head of state	Queen Wilhelmina
Head of government	Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy
Deputy head of government	Hendrik van Boeijen (De Facto)
No. of ministers	17
Ministers removed	6
Total no. of members	19
Member party	Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP) Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) Christian Historical Union (CHU) Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) Liberal State Party (LSP)
Status in legislature	National unity government War cabinet
History
Legislature terms	1937–1946
Predecessor	First Gerbrandy cabinet
Successor	Third Gerbrandy cabinet

The Second Gerbrandy cabinet, also called the Third London cabinet was the Dutch government-in-exile from 27 July 1941 until 23 February 1945. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Christian Historical Union (CHU), Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and the Liberal State Party (LSP) following the resignation of First Gerbrandy cabinet on 12 June 1941. The national unity government (War cabinet) was the third of four war cabinets of the government-in-exile in London during World War II. ^[1]

Formation

On 12 June 1941 the First Gerbrandy cabinet fell after a conflict between Queen Wilhelmina and Minister of Defence Adriaan Dijxhoorn, leading to the dismissal of the minister. Immediately also the other ministers resigned and the cabinet continued for five weeks as a demissionary cabinet until the ministries were redistributed and the Second Gerbrandy cabinet was installed on 27 July 1941.

Term

The cabinet became the main inspiration for many of the resistance fighters in the Netherlands through radio addresses by Queen Wilhelmina. Important actions of the cabinet include the recognition of the Soviet Union in July 1942, the declaration of war against Japan on 7 December 1942, the announcement that after the war the relations between the Netherlands and the Dutch Indies will change and the re-establishment in July 1943 of the representation at the Vatican. During the first and second cabinet of Gerbrandy plans are made for post-war prosecution of "wrongful" (Dutch : foute) Dutch civilians (collaborators with the Germans).

On 27 January 1945 Minister of the Interior Jaap Burger (SDAP) was asked to resign by Prime Minister Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (ARP) after holding a radio speech, differentiating between "wrongful" Dutch civilians (Dutch : foute Nederlanders) and Dutch civilians who made a mistake (Dutch : Nederlanders die een fout hebben gemaakt). But because Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy did not discuss this with rest of the cabinet all Social Democratic Workers' Party ministers resigned in response. The demissionary cabinet continued until the installation of the Third Gerbrandy cabinet on 23 February 1945.

Changes

On 17 November 1941 Minister of Finance, Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries Max Steenberghe (RKSP) and Minister of Colonial Affairs Charles Welter (RKSP) both resigned after disagreements with the cabinet policy. Minister of Water Management Willem Albarda (SDAP) took over as Minister of Finance and Minister of Social Affairs Jan van den Tempel (SDAP) took over as Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries.

On 31 May 1944 Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries Piet Kerstens (RKSP) was dismissed over a disagreement about the post-war food distribution policy. Both the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries where subsequently reorganized. Minister of Finance Johannes van den Broek took over as Minister of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture adding the portfolio of Agriculture to the Commerce ministry. Government adviser Jim de Booy was appointed as Minister of Shipping and Fisheries combining the portfolios of Shipping and Fisheries.

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belgium Paul-Henri Spaak, Minister of Foreign Affairs Eelco van Kleffens and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg Joseph Bech sign a monetary agreement that later became the foundation of the Benelux Union on 21 October 1943 in London.

Cabinet Members

Composition ^[2]

Ministers		Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)		Begin	End	Party
	Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy	Prime Minister		3 September 1940 [Retained]	25 June 1945 [Continued]	ARP
		Minister	General Warfare	21 May 1942 [Retained]	25 June 1945 [Continued]
	Hendrik van Boeijen	Minister	General Affairs	3 September 1940	23 February 1945 [Retained]	CHU
		Minister	Interior	24 June 1937 [Retained]	31 May 1944
	Jaap Burger			31 May 1944	27 January 1945 [Dis]	SDAP
	Hendrik van Boeijen			27 January 1945	23 February 1945 [Ad Interim]	CHU
	Eelco van Kleffens	Minister	Foreign Affairs	10 August 1939 [Retained]	1 March 1946 [Continued]	Independent Classical Liberal
	Max Steenberghe	Minister	Finance	27 July 1941	17 November 1941 [Res]	RKSP
	Willem Albarda			17 November 1941	9 December 1942 [Acting]	SDAP
	Johannes van den Broek			9 December 1942	23 February 1945	Independent Classical Liberal
	Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy	Minister	Justice	10 August 1939 [Retained]	21 February 1942	ARP
	Jan van Angeren			21 February 1942	12 July 1944 [Res]	Roman Catholic State Party
	Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart			12 July 1944	23 February 1945	Independent Social Democrat
	Max Steenberghe	Minister	Commerce, Industry and Shipping	10 May 1940 [Retained]	17 November 1941 [Res]	RKSP
	Jan van den Tempel			17 November 1941	8 January 1942 [Acting]	SDAP
	Piet Kerstens			8 January 1942	31 May 1944 [Dis]	RKSP
	Johannes van den Broek		Commerce, Industry and Agriculture	31 May 1944	23 February 1945	Independent Classical Liberal
	Hendrik van Boeijen	Minister	War	12 June 1941 [Retained]	15 September 1942	CHU
	Otto van Lidth de Jeude			15 September 1942	23 February 1945	LSP
	Johan Furstner		Navy	27 July 1941	23 February 1945	Independent Liberal Conservative
	Jan van den Tempel	Minister	Social Affairs	10 August 1939 [Retained]	23 February 1945	SDAP
	Gerrit Bolkestein	Minister	Education, Arts and Sciences	10 August 1939 [Retained]	25 June 1945 [Continued]	VDB
	Willem Albarda	Minister	Water Management	10 August 1939 [Retained]	23 February 1945	SDAP
	Max Steenberghe	Minister	Agriculture and Fisheries	1 May 1941 [Retained]	17 November 1941 [Res]	RKSP
	Jan van den Tempel			17 November 1941	8 January 1942 [Acting]	SDAP
	Piet Kerstens			8 January 1942	31 May 1944 [Dis]	RKSP
	Jim de Booy		Shipping and Fisheries	31 May 1944	3 July 1946 [Continued]	Independent Classical Liberal
	Charles Welter	Minister	Colonial Affairs	10 August 1939 [Retained]	17 November 1941 [Res]	RKSP
	Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy			17 November 1941	21 May 1942 [Acting]	ARP
	Huib van Mook			21 May 1942	23 February 1945	Independent Social Liberal

Composition ^[3]

Ministers			Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)			Term of office	Party
		Jaap Burger (1904–1986)	Minister	Interior	• Provisional Governmental Affairs	11 August 1943 – 31 May 1944 [App]	Social Democratic Workers' Party
		Jonkheer Edgar Michiels van Verduynen (1885–1952)	Minister	Foreign Affairs	• Foreign Policy	1 January 1942 – 25 June 1945 [Continued]	Independent Classical Liberal
		Pangeran Adipati Soejono (1886–1943)	Minister	Colonial Affairs	• Dutch East Indies	9 June 1942 – 5 January 1943 [Died]	Independent Liberal Conservative

^Resigned

^{Dismissed from office}

^{Retained from the previous cabinet}

^{Continued in the next cabinet}

^Acting

^{Ad Interim}

^{Died in Office}

^{Appointed as Minister of the Interior}

Rang/Title/Position			Military Command		Begin	End
		Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld	Commander-in-chief	Armed Forces	3 September 1944	13 September 1945

References

1. "Gerbrandy in Londen" (in Dutch). Andere Tijden. 18 March 2003. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
2. Source: (in Dutch) Parlement & Politiek
3. Source: (in Dutch) Parlement & Politiek