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A quasar is an extremely luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN), in which a supermassive black hole with mass ranging from millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun is surrounded by a gaseous accretion disk. As gas in the disk falls towards the black hole, energy is released in the form of electromagnetic radiation, which can be observed across the electromagnetic spectrum. The radiant energy of quasars is enormous; the most powerful quasars have luminosities thousands of times greater than a galaxy such as the Milky Way. Usually, quasars are categorized as a subclass of the more general category of AGN. The redshifts of quasars are of cosmological origin.
Extragalactic astronomy is the branch of astronomy concerned with objects outside the Milky Way galaxy. In other words, it is the study of all astronomical objects which are not covered by galactic astronomy.
3C 273 is a quasar located in the constellation of Virgo. It was the first quasar ever to be identified.
Radio galaxies and their relatives, radio-loud quasars and blazars, are types of active galactic nuclei that are very luminous at radio wavelengths, with luminosities up to 1039 W between 10 MHz and 100 GHz. The radio emission is due to the synchrotron process. The observed structure in radio emission is determined by the interaction between twin jets and the external medium, modified by the effects of relativistic beaming. The host galaxies are almost exclusively large elliptical galaxies. Radio-loud active galaxies can be detected at large distances, making them valuable tools for observational cosmology. Recently, much work has been done on the effects of these objects on the intergalactic medium, particularly in galaxy groups and clusters.
3C 279 is an optically violent variable quasar (OVV), which is known in the astronomical community for its variations in the visible, radio, and x-ray bands. The quasar was observed to have undergone a period of extreme activity from 1987 until 1991. The Rosemary Hill Observatory (RHO) started observing 3C 279 in 1971, the object was further observed by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory in 1991, when it was unexpectedly discovered to be one of the brightest gamma ray objects in the sky. It is also one of the brightest and most variable sources in the gamma ray sky monitored by the Fermi Space Telescope. It was used as a calibrator source for Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87* that resulted in the first image of a black hole.
The Twin Quasar, was discovered in 1979 and was the first identified gravitationally lensed object. It is a quasar that appears as two images, a result from gravitational lensing caused by the galaxy YGKOW G1 that is located directly between Earth and the quasar.
The NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) is an online astronomical database for astronomers that collates and cross-correlates astronomical information on extragalactic objects. NED was created in the late 1980s by two Pasadena astronomers, George Helou and Barry F. Madore. NED is funded by NASA and is operated by the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) on the campus of the California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA.
Markarian 421 is a blazar located in the constellation Ursa Major. The object is an active galaxy and a BL Lacertae object, and is a strong source of gamma rays. It is about 397 million light-years to 434 million light-years (133Mpc) from the Earth. It is one of the closest blazars to Earth, making it one of the brightest quasars in the night sky. It is suspected to have a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at its center due to its active nature. An early-type high inclination spiral galaxy is located 14 arc-seconds northeast of Markarian 421.
3C 295 is a narrow-line radio galaxy located in the constellation of Boötes. With a redshift of 0.464, it is approximately 5 billion light-years from Earth. At time of the discovery of its redshift in 1960, this was the remotest object known.
3C 191 is a quasar located in the constellation Cancer.
3C 47 is a Seyfert galaxy / lobe-dominated quasar located in the constellation Pisces. It was the first quasar found with the classic double radio-lobe structure.
3C 35 is a giant Radio galaxy with an active galactic nucleus (AGN). It is classified as a Fanaroff & Riley type II radio galaxy. It is located in the constellation Cassiopeia.
3C 79 is a Seyfert Galaxy located in the constellation Aries. The extended emission-line region (EELR) is almost certainly photoionized by the hidden quasar.
3C 215 is a Seyfert galaxy/Quasar located in the constellation Cancer.
3C 299 is a radio galaxy/quasar located in the constellation Boötes.
3C 303 is a Seyfert galaxy with a quasar-like appearance located in the constellation Boötes.
3C 371 is a BL Lac object located in the constellation Draco. With a redshift of 0.051, this active galaxy is about 730 million light-years away.
3C 147 (B0538+498) is a compact steep-spectrum (CSS) quasar that was discovered in 1964. It is located in the constellation Auriga not far in the sky from the 5th magnitude star Omicron Aurigae.
PKS 2000-330 is a quasar located in the constellation Sagittarius. When identified in 1982, it was the most distant and most luminous object known.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "3C 9". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2019-11-20.
- 1 2 3 4 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for 3C 009. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
- ↑ "3C 9". XJET: X-Ray Emission from Extragalactic Radio Jets. 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
- ↑ Time magazine, The Quasi-Quasars, Friday, June 18, 1965
