AAK1

Last updated
AAK1
AAK1 prot.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases AAK1 , AP2 associated kinase 1
External IDs OMIM: 616405; MGI: 1098687; HomoloGene: 128746; GeneCards: AAK1; OMA:AAK1 - orthologs
EC number 2.7.11.1
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_014911
NM_001371575
NM_001371577

NM_001040106
NM_177762

RefSeq (protein)

NP_055726
NP_001358504
NP_001358506

NP_001035195
NP_808430
NP_001365581
NP_001365583
NP_001365584

Contents

Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 69.46 – 69.67 Mb Chr 6: 86.85 – 87 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 also known as AP2-associated protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AAK1 gene [5] [6] [7] and is involved in clathrin mediated endocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [7]

Function

Adaptor-related protein complex 2 (AP-2 complexes) functions during receptor-mediated endocytosis to trigger clathrin assembly, interact with membrane-bound receptors, and recruit endocytic accessory factors. This gene encodes a member of the SNF1 subfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases. The protein interacts with and phosphorylates a subunit of the AP-2 complex, which promotes binding of AP-2 to sorting signals found in membrane-bound receptors and subsequent receptor endocytosis. Its kinase activity is stimulated by clathrin. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Endocytosis</span> Cellular process

Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested materials. Endocytosis includes pinocytosis and phagocytosis. It is a form of active transport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AP2 adaptor complex</span>

The AP2 adaptor complex is a multimeric protein that works on the cell membrane to internalize cargo in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is a stable complex of four adaptins which give rise to a structure that has a core domain and two appendage domains attached to the core domain by polypeptide linkers. These appendage domains are sometimes called 'ears'. The core domain binds to the membrane and to cargo destined for internalisation. The alpha and beta appendage domains bind to accessory proteins and to clathrin. Their interactions allow the temporal and spatial regulation of the assembly of clathrin-coated vesicles and their endocytosis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EPS15</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPS15 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AP2M1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

AP-2 complex subunit mu is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2M1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DAB2</span> Human protein and coding gene

Disabled homolog 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAB2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2A1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AP1M1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

AP-1 complex subunit mu-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP1M1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CLTC</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Clathrin heavy chain 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLTC gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AP2A2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2A2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AP1B1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP1B1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AP2B1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

AP-2 complex subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2B1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AP1M2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

AP-1 complex subunit mu-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP1M2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AP1S1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

AP-1 complex subunit sigma-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP1S1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SNX9</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Sorting nexin-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX9 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EPS15L1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPS15L1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EPN1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Epsin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPN1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AP2S1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

AP-2 complex subunit sigma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2S1 gene.

Clathrin adaptor proteins, also known as adaptins, are vesicular transport adaptor proteins associated with clathrin. These proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes, processed in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported from the Golgi apparatus to the trans-Golgi network, and from there via small carrier vesicles to their final destination compartment. The association between adaptins and clathrin are important for vesicular cargo selection and transporting. Clathrin coats contain both clathrin and adaptor complexes that link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. Clathrin-associated protein complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration. Therefore, adaptor proteins are responsible for the recruitment of cargo molecules into a growing clathrin-coated pits. The two major types of clathrin adaptor complexes are the heterotetrameric vesicular transport adaptor proteins (AP1-5), and the monomeric GGA adaptors. Adaptins are distantly related to the other main type of vesicular transport proteins, the coatomer subunits, sharing between 16% and 26% of their amino acid sequence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beta2-adaptin C-terminal domain</span>

The C-terminal domain ofBeta2-adaptin is a protein domain is involved in cell trafficking by aiding import and export of substances in and out of the cell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpha Arrestin</span>

The arrestin family of proteins is subdivided into α-arrestins (also referred to as arrestin-related trafficking adaptors or arrestin-like yeast proteins in yeast or ARRDCs in mammals, β-arrestins and Vps26-like arrestins proteins. The α-Arrestins are an ancestral branch of the larger arrestin family of proteins and they are conserved across eukaryotes but are best characterized in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; to-date there are 6 α-arrestins identified in mammalian cells and 14 α-arrestins identified in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast α-arrestin family comprises Ldb19/Art1, Ecm21/Art2, Aly1/Art6, Aly2/Art3, Rod1/Art4, Rog3/Art7, Art5, Csr2/Art8, Rim8/Art9, Art10, Bul1, Bul2, Bul3 and Spo23. The best characterized α-arrestin function to date is their endocytic regulation of plasma membrane proteins, including G-protein coupled receptors and nutrient transporters. α-Arrestins control endocytosis of these membrane proteins in response to cellular stressors, including nutrient or metal ion excess.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115977 Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000057230 Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Conner SD, Schmid SL (Mar 2002). "Identification of an adaptor-associated kinase, AAK1, as a regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis". The Journal of Cell Biology. 156 (5): 921–9. doi:10.1083/jcb.200108123. PMC   2173317 . PMID   11877461.
  6. Manning G, Whyte DB, Martinez R, Hunter T, Sudarsanam S (Dec 2002). "The protein kinase complement of the human genome". Science. 298 (5600): 1912–34. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.1912M. doi:10.1126/science.1075762. PMID   12471243. S2CID   26554314.
  7. 1 2 3 "Entrez Gene: AAK1 AP2 associated kinase 1".

Further reading