AMY2B

Last updated
AMY2B
Protein AMY2B PDB 1b2y.png
Identifiers
Aliases AMY2B , AMY2, AMY3, HXA, amylase, alpha 2B (pancreatic), amylase alpha 2B (pancreatic)
External IDs MGI: 3714985 HomoloGene: 134663 GeneCards: AMY2B
Gene location (Human)
Ideogram human chromosome 1.svg
Chr. Chromosome 1 (human) [1]
Human chromosome 1 ideogram.svg
HSR 1996 II 3.5e.svg
Red rectangle 2x18.png
Band 1p21.1Start103,553,815 bp [1]
End103,579,534 bp [1]
RNA expression pattern
PBB GE AMY2B 208498 s at fs.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

280

100043686

Ensembl

ENSG00000240038

ENSMUSG00000093931

UniProt

P19961

P00688

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_020978

NM_001160151

RefSeq (protein)

NP_066188

NP_001153622
NP_001153624
NP_001153623

Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 103.55 – 103.58 Mb Chr 3: 113.31 – 113.32 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Alpha-amylase 2B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY2B gene. [5] [6]

Enzyme biological molecule

Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called enzymology and a new field of pseudoenzyme analysis has recently grown up, recognising that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties.

Gene Basic physical and functional unit of heredity

In biology, a gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic trait. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes as well as gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye color or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life.

Contents

Function

Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside] bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and thus catalyze the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. The human genome has a cluster of several amylase genes that are expressed at high levels in either salivary gland or pancreas. This gene encodes an amylase isoenzyme produced by the pancreas. [6]

Amylase enzyme

Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar. The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. As diastase, amylase was the first enzyme to be discovered and isolated. Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek letters. All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Glycogen polysaccharide

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of glucose in the body.

Salivary gland exocrine gland that produces saliva also it reduces bleeding in mouth

The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. Humans have three paired major salivary glands as well as hundreds of minor salivary glands. Salivary glands can be classified as serous, mucous or seromucous (mixed).

Related Research Articles

Alpha-amylase

Alpha-amylase, (α-amylase) is an enzyme EC 3.2.1.1 that hydrolyses alpha bonds of large, alpha-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding glucose and maltose. It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals. It is also present in seeds containing starch as a food reserve, and is secreted by many fungi.

Bile salt-dependent lipase protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Bile salt-dependent lipase, also known as carboxyl ester lipase is an enzyme produced by the adult pancreas and aids in the digestion of fats. Bile salt-stimulated lipase is an equivalent enzyme found within breast milk. BSDL has been found in the pancreatic secretions of all species in which it has been looked for. BSSL, originally discovered in the milk of humans and various other primates, has since been found in the milk of many animals including dogs, cats, rats, and rabbits.

REG1A protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Lithostathine-1-alpha also known as islet cells regeneration factor (ICRF) or islet of Langerhans regenerating protein (REG) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG1A gene.

CHRNB2 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNB2 gene.

CHRNA3 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3, also known as nAChRα3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR).

AMY1A protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Alpha-amylase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY1A gene. This gene is found in many organisms.

CHRNB4 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNB4 gene.

AMY2A protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Pancreatic alpha-amylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY2A gene.

GP2 (gene) protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GP2 gene.

CHRNA5 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5, also known as nAChRα5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR).

CHRNB3 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNB3 gene.

ENSA (gene) protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Alpha-endosulfine is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ENSA gene.

CELA3B protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B also known as elastase-3B, protease E, or fecal elastase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA3B gene.

PTF1A protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Pancreas transcription factor 1 subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTF1A gene.

CELA2A protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA2A gene.

KIRREL2 protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kin of IRRE-like protein 2, also known as NEPH3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIRREL2 gene. It is primarily expressed in β cells of the pancreatic islets.

CELA3A protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA3A gene.

AMY1C protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

The human AMY1C gene encodes the protein Amylase, alpha 1C (salivary).

Actin, gamma 1 pseudogene 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTG1P6 gene.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000240038 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000093931 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
  5. ↑ Omichi K, Hase S (December 1993). "Identification of the characteristic amino-acid sequence for human alpha-amylase encoded by the AMY2B gene". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1203 (2): 224–9. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(93)90087-8. PMID   8268204.
  6. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: AMY2B amylase, alpha 2B (pancreatic)".

The UCSC Genome Browser is an on-line, and downloadable, genome browser hosted by the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). It is an interactive website offering access to genome sequence data from a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species and major model organisms, integrated with a large collection of aligned annotations. The Browser is a graphical viewer optimized to support fast interactive performance and is an open-source, web-based tool suite built on top of a MySQL database for rapid visualization, examination, and querying of the data at many levels. The Genome Browser Database, browsing tools, downloadable data files, and documentation can all be found on the UCSC Genome Bioinformatics website.

Further reading

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