Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3, also known as ARHGEF3, is a human gene. [5]
In biology, a gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic trait. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes as well as gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye color or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life.
Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein-coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. This protein is similar to the NET1A protein. [5]
ARHGEF3 has been shown to interact with RHOA [6] and RHOB. [6]
Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family. While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it is primarily associated with cytoskeleton regulation, mostly actin stress fibers formation and actomyosin contractility. In humans, it is encoded by the gene RHOA. It acts upon several effectors. Among them, ROCK1 and DIAPH1 are the best described. RhoA, and the other Rho GTPases, are part of a larger family of related proteins known as the Ras superfamily, a family of proteins involved in the regulation and timing of cell division. RhoA is one of the oldest Rho GTPases, with homologues present in the genomes since 1.5 billions years. As a consequence, RhoA is somehow involved in many cellular processes which emerged throughout evolution. RhoA specifically is regarded as a prominent regulatory factor in other functions such as the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, transcription, cell cycle progression and cell transformation.
Ras homolog gene family, member B, also known as RHOB, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RHOB gene.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF2 gene.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF12 gene.
Ras-related protein Rab-5B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB5B gene.
Synaptotagmin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYT3 gene.
Beta-taxilin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TXLNB gene.
Uncharacterized protein KIAA1267 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1267 gene.
Protein YIPF3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YIPF3 gene. Along with YIPF4, it is concentrated in the cis-Golgi region. There the two form a complex and may be involved in the maintenance of the Golgi structure.
LisH domain-containing protein ARMC9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARMC9 gene.
Transmembrane protein 47 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM47 gene.
High-mobility group protein B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGB3 gene.
Hippocalcin like 4, also known as HPCAL4, is a human gene.
Synaptotagmin-13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYT13 gene.
FERM, RhoGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FARP1 gene.
Metalloreductase STEAP3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the STEAP3 gene.
Zinc finger protein 34 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF34 gene.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF9 gene.
IQ domain-containing protein E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IQCE gene.
Leiomodin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMOD3 gene.
Uncharacterized protein KIAA1539 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1539 gene.
The human ARHGEF10 gene encodes the protein Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10.
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