Author | Anuk Arudpragasam |
---|---|
Language | English |
Set in | Sri Lanka |
Publisher | Hogarth Press |
Publication date | 13 July 2021 |
Publication place | Sri Lanka |
Media type | Print (hardback), e-book, audio |
Pages | 304 |
ISBN | 978-0-593-23070-1 |
OCLC | 1198990030 |
823/.92 | |
LC Class | PR9440.9.A78 P37 2021 |
A Passage North is a 2021 novel written by Anuk Arudpragasam. The novel is set in Sri Lanka following the end of the Civil War. [1] It was first published on 13 July 2021 by Hogarth Press in the United States [2] and by Hamish Hamilton in India. [3] It was also published by Granta Books in the United Kingdom on 15 July 2021. [4] It was shortlisted for the 2021 Booker Prize. [5]
The novel follows Krishan, a young man working for a non-government organisation (NGO) in contemporary Colombo who makes a journey to the north of Sri Lanka – the former civil war battleground, to attend the cremation of his grandmother's former caretaker, Rani. [6]
A philosophical novel, A Passage North is intensely introspective. [7] The narrative primarily comprises long and flowing sentences filled with participial phrases and subordinate clauses. [1] Dialogue is described in the past perfect tense with no direct quotation marks. The author rationalised this choice as not wanting to "engage in ventriloquism". [8] The prose style favours long paragraphs and chapter breaks don't bring about much change or momentum. [9] Sweeping comments are made with regard to human philosophy. Compared to the author's previous novel The Story of a Brief Marriage, the story is more distant from the conflict and more abstract. The author, who has a doctorate in philosophy, poses existential questions on living and laments on the gulf between people who have lived through the suffering caused by the civil conflict (like Rani) and those who were safe and away from the conflict (like Krishan). [7]
Anuk Arudpragasam has said in interviews that he wanted the emotional core of the novel to be the relationship between Krishan and his grandmother. However, the grandmother–grandson story ends up being merely contextual. [8] Krishan is pre-occupied and his thoughts go back and forth between Rani's depression, caused by the loss of her two sons, and his past relationship with Anjum. [6]
The narrative includes elaborate digressions on famous works – that reviewers have characterised as Proustian [10] – on Kalidasa's epic Sanskrit poem The Cloud Messenger , on the tale of a poor Shiva devotee who builds a grand temple for his lord within his mind from the Tamil Periya Puranam , and on the documentary film My Daughter the Terrorist . [10] [7]
The novel is also political – it condemns the atrocities committed by the Sri Lankan government on Tamil civilians. [7]
Reviewing for The Hindu , Prathyush Parasuraman complimented the literary brilliance of the novel, and wrote that the frequent uses of clichés were acceptable and believable. [8] The New York Times noted the writer's stylistic resemblance with W. G. Sebald and Primo Levi. [7] Lucy Popescu of The Observer described the book as "another profound meditation on suffering but, this time, Arudpragasam's Tamil narrator is at a distance, struggling with survivor's guilt and war's aftermath." [11]
The Guardian writer Marcel Theroux wrote a more critical review, describing the protagonist as being "frustratingly passive" whose musings and reminiscences comprise the bulk of the book. He concluded that memorable fiction required a "form of wondering" that is deeper and less abstract than what the novel provides. He stated that the book centers on the thought of the unremarkable protagonist, while the more powerful female characters are only glimpsed at. [1]
The novel was shortlisted for the 2021 Booker Prize, [5] and was included on the "Big Jubilee Read" list of 70 books selected by a panel of experts, and announced by the BBC and The Reading Agency in April 2022, to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II in June 2022. [12]
The Sri Lankan civil war was a civil war fought in Sri Lanka from 1983 to 2009. Beginning on 23 July 1983, it was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam led by Velupillai Prabhakaran. The LTTE fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north-east of the island, due to the continuous discrimination and violent persecution against Sri Lankan Tamils by the Sinhalese-dominated Sri Lanka government.
Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was the Indian military contingent performing a peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990. It was formed under the mandate of the 1987 Indo-Sri Lankan Accord that aimed to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan military.
Arulappu Richard Arulpragasam, also known as Arular and A. R. Arulpragasam, was a Tamil activist and former revolutionary from Jaffna who had a part in forming the group Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students (EROS) in January 1975 in Wandsworth, England during the Tamil independence movements to secure an independent Tamil Eelam. He later left the conflict, after work as an independent peace negotiator between the two sides of the civil war. At the time of his death, he headed the Global Sustainability Initiative in the United Kingdom. He was also the father of the musician M.I.A. and designer Kali Arulpragasam.
The expulsion of non-resident Tamils from Colombo was an incident which took place on June 7, 2007 when 376 ethnic Tamil refugees living in Colombo were deported from the city by the Sri Lankan Police. The evicted were sent back to Jaffna, Vavuniya, Trincomalee and Batticaloa, where they are originally from, in several buses with a police escort. However the buses only went as far as the town of Vavuniya and the evicted Tamils were forced to stay in a detention camp. The President asked those who were evicted to come back to Colombo and ordered an investigation into the incident
Vidyananda College is a National school in Mulliyawalai, Sri Lanka. Established in 1951, it was the first school in Mullaitivu District to achieve "college" status.
Aanivaer is a 2006 Tamil-language independent war film directed by John starring Nandha, Madhumitha, Neelima Rani, and Mullai Yesudasan. The music was composed by Satheesh. The film was released on 23 September 2006. Shot entirely in the then LTTE controlled Vanni in Sri Lanka, it includes scenes about the exodus of Tamil people from Jaffna to Vanni after the fall of Jaffna to the Sri Lankan Army in 1995 and the rape and murder of Tamil school Krishanthi Kumaraswamy, the film was initially released for screening in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia only. It was later released in India as well.
V. V. Ganeshananthan is an American fiction writer, essayist, and journalist. Her work has appeared in many leading newspapers and journals, including Granta, The Atlantic Monthly, and The Washington Post.
War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war are war crimes and crimes against humanity which the Sri Lanka Armed Forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam have been accused of committing during the final months of the Sri Lankan civil war in 2009. The war crimes include attacks on civilians and civilian buildings by both sides; executions of combatants and prisoners by both sides; enforced disappearances by the Sri Lankan military and paramilitary groups backed by them; sexual violence by the Sri Lankan military; the systematic denial of food, medicine, and clean water by the government to civilians trapped in the war zone; child recruitment, hostage taking, use of military equipment in the proximity of civilians and use of forced labor by the Tamil Tigers.
With the Sri Lankan Civil War spanning for nearly 30 years (1983–2009), the conflict has been portrayed in a variety of ways in popular culture, both during the war and after its conclusion.
The Cage: The fight for Sri Lanka & the Last Days of the Tamil Tigers is a book about the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War written by journalist and former United Nations official Gordon Weiss. Weiss was the UN's spokesman in Sri Lanka during the final months of the civil war. Since leaving the UN Weiss has been a vocal critic of the conduct of both the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Weiss believes that war crimes were committed during the final stages of the civil war and has called for an international investigation. According to Weiss up to 40,000 civilians may have been killed in the final stages of the civil war.
Still Counting the Dead: Survivors of Sri Lanka's Hidden War is a book written by the British journalist Frances Harrison, a former BBC correspondent in Sri Lanka and former Amnesty Head of news. The book deals with thousands of Sri Lankan Tamil civilians who were killed, caught in the crossfire during the war. This and the government's strict media blackout would leave the world unaware of their suffering in the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War. The books also highlights the failure of the United Nations, whose staff left before the final offensive started.
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Anuk Arudpragasam is a Sri Lankan Tamil novelist writing in English and Tamil. His debut novel The Story of a Brief Marriage was published in 2016 by Flatiron Books/Granta Books and was subsequently translated into French, German, Czech, Mandarin, Dutch and Italian. The novel, which takes place in 2009 during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War, won the DSC Prize for South Asian Literature, and was shortlisted for the Dylan Thomas Prize and the German Internationaler Literaturpreis. His second novel, A Passage North, was published in 2021 and was shortlisted for the Booker Prize.
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