Abhurite

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Abhurite
Abhurite - Shipwreck Hydra, South coast of Norway.jpg
Brownish tabular crystals of abhurite from Shipwreck "Hydra", South coast of Norway
General
CategoryHalide mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)		Sn21O6(OH)14Cl16
IMA symbol Abh [1]
Strunz classification 3.DA.30
Crystal system Trigonal
Crystal class Trapezohedral (32)
H-M symbol: (32)
Space group R3 2
Unit cell a = 10.0175 Å, c = 44.014 Å; Z=3
Identification
ColorColorless/Pale yellow-greenish
Crystal habit Platy, thin crystals, cryptocrystalline crusts
Twinning On 0001
Cleavage None
Fracture Hackly
Tenacity Fragile
Mohs scale hardness2
Streak White
Diaphaneity Transparent
Specific gravity 4.42
Density 4.42 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.417 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical propertiesUniaxial (+)
Refractive index nω = 2.060 nε = 2.110
Birefringence δ = 0.050
Other characteristicsopalescent
References [2] [3] [4]

Abhurite is a mineral of tin, oxygen, hydrogen, and chlorine with the formula Sn21O6(OH)14Cl16 [4] [2] or Sn3O(OH)2Cl2. [5] It is named after its type locality, a shipwreck with tin ingots at Sharm Abhur, a cove near Jeddah in the Red Sea. Abhurite forms alongside other tin minerals like romarchite and cassiterite. [6] Abhurite can vary in color, from pale green/yellow to darker brown/green [7]

Contents

Locality and formation

Abhurite is attributed for forming on tin materials when in contact with sea water. The mineral was described in 1977 from a shipwreck near Hidra Island, Norway, where it occurred on pewter plates. However, that report was not recognized by the International Mineralogical Association. [2] Along with Sharm Abhur and the shipwreck near Hidra Island, abhurite was found on tin ingots in the Uluburun shipwreck. On the ingots, it was found with other tin minerals like cassiterite and romarchite, and calcium carbonate minerals like calcite and aragonite. [8]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi: 10.1180/mgm.2021.43 . S2CID   235729616.
  2. 1 2 3 Mindat.org – Abhurite
  3. ↑ Webmineral.org – Abhurite
  4. 1 2 "Handbook of Mineralogy – Abhurite" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
  5. ↑ Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, and Abraham Rosenzweig: "Dana's new mineralogy", p. 401. John Wiley & Sons, 1997
  6. ↑ Memet, J. B. (2007). "The corrosion of metallic artefacts in seawater: descriptive analysis". In Dillmann, P.; Beranger, G.; Piccardo, P.; Matthiessen, H. (eds.). Corrosion of Metallic Heritage Artefacts: Investigation, Conservation and Prediction of Long Term Behaviour. Elsevier. pp. 152–169. doi:10.1533/9781845693015.152. ISBN   9781845693015.
  7. ↑ https://www.mindat.org/photoscroll.php?frm_id=pscroll&cform_is_valid=1&searchbox=Abhurite&submit_pscroll=Search
  8. ↑ Vandiver, Pamela B.; Goodway, Martha; Mass, Jennifer L. (2002-01-01). Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology VI: Symposium Held November 26–30, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Materials Research Society. ISBN   9781558996489.


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