Abraham Eleazar is the fictitious author of an alchemical work titled R. Abrahami Eleazaris Uraltes Chymisches Werk ('R. Abraham Eleazar's Age-Old Chymical Work'). [1] The book was first published in Erfurt in 1735; [2] a second edition was published in Leipzig in 1760. [3]
In the preface of the first part of the work, it is claimed that Abraham Eleazar drew his alchemical nations and illustrations from ancient copper tablets of Tubal Cain. The second part is ascribed to another rabbi named Samuel Baruch. [4] It is further stated that the original was written in Latin, Arabic, Chaldaean, and Syriac.
Historical evidence suggests that the actual author behind both works was Julius Gervasius of Schwarzburg, who is credited as the publication's editor. [2] [4]
Simeon ben Helbo Kara was a French rabbi who lived in Mans in the 11th century; brother of Menahem ben Helbo and father of Joseph Ḳara. Isaac de Lattes, in his Ḳiryat Sefer, counts Ḳara among the prominent French rabbis, although no work of his has survived. J.L. Rapoport identified him with the compiler of the Yalḳuṭ Shim'oni, on account of the similarity of some Midrashic quotations in this work with citations in Rashi's Bible commentary. Abraham Epstein has, however, shown that in the manuscripts the name "Ḳara" does not occur, and in place of "Simeon" the reading "Simson" at times is found.
Abraham Castanho was a Spanish Jewish poet who lived at Amsterdam in the middle of the 17th century. He was the author of an elegy on the martyr Abraham Nuñez Bernal, who was burned at Córdoba May 3, 1655. It was inserted in Elogios que Zelosos Dedicaron á la Felice Memoria, etc., published probably at Amsterdam in 1656.
Abraham Solomon ben Isaac ben Samuel Catalan was the author of a work treating the eternity of the world, providence, prophecy, immortality, and the resurrection, and also dealing with mathematical, physical, and cabalistic subjects. It appeared under the title Neweh Shalom, Constantinople, 1538; Venice, 1574, with a preface by Moses Almosnino, who cites it several times in his work, Me'ammetz Koach.
Gerson ben Solomon Catalan, also known as Gerson ben Solomon of Arles, was a French Jewish author of the thirteenth century. He compiled an encyclopedia entitled Sha'ar ha-Shamayim in Hebrew, which was widely read later in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. He lived in southern France, possibly at Arles. He died, possibly at Perpignan, toward the end of the thirteenth century.
Onias I was the son of the Jaddua mentioned in Nehemiah. According to Josephus, this Jaddua is said to have been a contemporary of Alexander the Great. I Maccabees regards Onias as a contemporary of the Spartan king Areus I. "Josephus is ... mistaken in placing it in the time of Onias III instead of Onias I, who was high priest c. 300 B.C. ."
Onias II was the son of Simon I. He was still a minor when his father died, so his uncle Eleazar, and whom after, the latter's uncle Manasseh, officiated as high priests before Onais himself succeeded to that dignity. According to Josephus, he was a covetous man and of limited intelligence, whose refusal to pay the twenty talents of silver which every high priest was required to pay to Ptolemy III Euergetes, the King of Egypt threatened to imperil both the high priest and the people. The impending disaster was averted by Onias’ nephew Joseph, son of Tobias, who, having friendly relations with the Egypt court, managed to conciliate Ptolemy. Onias is said to have died, almost simultaneously with his nephew Joseph, during the reign of Seleucus IV Philopator, hence about 181 BC. His son, Simon II assumed the high priestly office after the demise of his father.
David ben Joseph Pardo was a 17th-century rabbi. He was born in Amsterdam. His father was Rabbi Joseph Pardo, hazzan in London and author of "Shulḥan Tahor."
Abraham Joseph ben Simon Wolf Menz was an eighteenth century rabbi and mathematician at Frankfurt.
Abraham ben Judah Eberlen was a sixteenth-century Jewish-German mathematician living in Frankfurt am Main. He was the author of Sefer ha-Ẓifar, a work containing mathematical problems with solutions, which was finished in February 1537.
Solomon ben Chaim Baruch Brück was a Hebrew writer from Lemberg, Austria. He is the author of Ḥakirat ha-Emet, a volume of collectanea, including an English sermon which he delivered in England. His other work, Ḥezionei Layil, was published posthumously by his son. The work consists of a series of imaginary dream-visits to the other world, in which the manners and conduct of certain classes are severely criticized.
David Raphael ben Abraham Polido was a Jewish satirist. He wrote Zikhron Purim, a parody on the piyyutim for Purim, followed by a testament of Haman, a poem full of coarse jokes, but a good imitation of the Sephardic piyyutim.
Gumplin was a German Hebrew satirical poet of unknown date. The only poem of his that has been preserved is Shir la'ag al bnei Reinus, a satire of seven strophes, ending with a refrain in which he very wittily criticizes the inhabitants of the Rhine Province. The name "Gumplin" is given in acrostic. Abraham Geiger published the poem, together with a German translation, in his Melo Chofnajim.
Ha-Shaḥar was a Hebrew-language monthly periodical, published and edited at Vienna by Peretz Smolenskin from 1868 to 1884.
Nehorai Garmon was a rabbi and poet from Ottoman Tripolitania.
Moritz Cohn, also known by the pseudonym Conimor, was a Prussian-born playwright, poet, and novelist, as well as a prolific contributor to the press.
Lazar Raschkow was a German Jewish physician, writer, and poet.
L'Educatore Israelita, known as Il Vessillo Israelitico after 1874, was one of the first Jewish newspapers in Italy. The monthly periodical was founded in 1853 by Giuseppe Levi.
Khalifa ben Malka, also known as the Rakhbam (רכב״ם), was a Moroccan Jewish writer and poet.
Saadia ben Abraham Longo was a Turkish Hebrew poet, who lived in Constantinople in about the middle of the sixteenth century.
Eber ben Pethahiah was a scholar from Uherský Brod, Moravia. Moritz Steinschneider indicates the possibility of the name being merely a pseudonym. It appears on the title-page of Mar'eh ha-Ketab ve-Rashe Tebot, a guide to Judeo-German and its abbreviations, apparently abridged from a work of Hayyim ben Menahem of Glogau.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Gottheil, Richard (1903). "Eleazar, Abraham". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia . Vol. 5. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 96.