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Abraham Pinso (1740-1820) was a rabbi and writer from Sarajevo, Bosnia. He served as Rosh Yeshiva and head of a Bet Din in that city, and lived in Jerusalem towards the end of his life.
Pinso was born around the year 1740 in the Bosnian capital Sarajevo to Israel and Sarah. At the age of three, his father Yisrael died, and his mother died shortly afterwards. He writes about this difficult event in the introduction to his book Tola'at Shani:
"That I did not have the honor of honoring father and mother, that in my many iniquities my father was killed to the vengeance of God, and I was three years old, and when my mother died I was in the toddler season." From his words ("my father was killed", "to the vengeance of God") it is clear that his father did not die a natural death, and he may have been killed by the authorities, who often slandered the city's Jews and would have put them to death for it.
At the beginning of his studies he learned from the city's rabbis. His primary teacher was Rabbi David Pardo, who was the city's rabbi from 1773 to 1781. He married the daughter of Haim Daniel HaLevo, one of the wealthy Jews of Sarajevo, who supported him in his studies.
When Rabbi Pardo moved to Ottoman Palestine in 1781, he requested of Pinso to attempt to print his books. For this purpose Pinso travelled to Livorno, where he met Hida and the Rabbi of Ferrara Yaakov Moshe Ayash (future Rishon LeZion). The two rabbis provided him with a letter of recommendation to assist him in printing Pardo's books.
He went on to head a yeshiva in Sarajevo and taught Talmud and Halacha. At the same time, he also served as a Rabbi in the city. During this period, the city's residents were in a difficult situation from wars in the area, and the city's rabbis, Rabbi Pinso and his counterpart Rabbi Yitzchak Pardo, gathered the Jews in the synagogues to pray and even composed lamentations and supplications for the occasion.
At the end of his life (after the year 1805) Pinso immigrated to Ottoman Palestine and settled in Jerusalem. He had previously expressed his desire to make Aliyah several times in his writings and the introductions he wrote to his books. In Jerusalem he continued to write.
He died on the 18th of Cheshvan 5580 (either November 5 of 6, 1820), and was buried in the Sephardic section on the Mount of Olives, near the tomb of his teacher Rabbi David Pardo.
His son Rabbi Chaim Daniel Shlomo immigrated to Jerusalem with his father, and was known as one of the great rabbis of the city and as a leading Kabbalist. He authored the book Shem Hadash, a commentary on Rabbi Eliezer ben Samuel's Yereim. Another of Pinso's sons was Rabbi Yitzchak.
Penso was the author of Appe Zuṭre (Salonica, 1798), a work on the paschal laws, and of Tola'at Shani (ib. 1805), a collection of homilies. He edited Ḥayyim J. D. Azulai's notes on the Shulḥan Arukh , Mishpat Katub (ib. 1798). [1]
Abraham Isaac Kook, known as Rav Kook, and also known by the acronym HaRaAYaH, was an Orthodox rabbi, and the first Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of British Mandatory Palestine. He is considered to be one of the fathers of religious Zionism and is known for founding the Mercaz HaRav Yeshiva.
Yosef YitzchakSchneersohn was an Orthodox rabbi and the sixth Rebbe of the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic movement. He is also known as the Frierdiker Rebbe, the Rebbe RaYYaTz, or the Rebbe Rayatz. After many years of fighting to keep Orthodox Judaism alive from within the Soviet Union, he was forced to leave; he continued to conduct the struggle from Latvia, and then Poland, and eventually the United States, where he spent the last ten years of his life.
Ger is a Polish Hasidic dynasty originating from the town of Góra Kalwaria, Poland, where it was founded by Yitzchak Meir Alter (1798–1866), known as the "Chiddushei HaRim". Ger is a branch of Peshischa Hasidism, as Yitzchak Meir Alter was a leading disciple of Simcha Bunim of Peshischa (1765–1827). Before the Holocaust, followers of Ger were estimated to number in excess of 100,000, making it the largest and most influential Hasidic group in Poland. Today, the movement is based in Jerusalem, and its membership is estimated at 11,859 families, as of 2016, most of whom live in Israel, making Ger the largest Hasidic dynasty in Israel. However, there are also well-established Ger communities in the United States and in Europe. In 2019, some 300 families of followers led by Shaul Alter, split off from the dynasty led by his cousin Yaakov Aryeh Alter.
Aharon Kotler was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and a prominent leader of Orthodox Judaism in Lithuania and the United States; the latter being where he founded Beth Medrash Govoha in Lakewood Township, New Jersey.
Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor or Isaac Elhanan Spector was a Russian rabbi, posek and Talmudist of the 19th century.
Mordechai Tzemach Eliyahu, was an Israeli rabbi, posek, and spiritual leader.
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Yitzhak Kaduri, also spelled Kadouri, Kadourie, Kedourie; "Yitzhak", was a renowned Mizrahi Haredi rabbi and kabbalist who devoted his life to Torah study and prayer on behalf of the Jewish people. He taught and practiced the kavanot of the Rashash. His blessings and amulets were also widely sought to cure people of illnesses and infertility. In his life, he published no religious articles or books. At the time of his death, estimates of his age ranged from 103 to 108, and his birth year is still disputed.
Yisrael Noah Weinberg was an Orthodox rabbi and the founder of Aish HaTorah.
Rabbi Shmuel Dovid Ungar, also known as Rabbi Samuel David Ungar, was the rabbi of the Hungarian city of Nyitra and dean of the last surviving yeshiva in occupied Europe during World War II. He was the father-in-law of Rabbi Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl, and played a minor role in the Bratislava Working Group's efforts to save Slovak Jews from the Holocaust.
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David Pardo was an 18th-century Italian rabbi and liturgical poet who lived for some time in Sarajevo, Bosnia and in Jerusalem. Among other things, he authored a commentary on the Sifra on Leviticus and Maskil le-David, a super-commentary on Rashi on the Torah.
Yitzchak Yaakov Yellin was one of the pioneers of the Hebrew language and press in Mandatory Palestine and then Israel. He was one of the founders and editor of the daily newspaper "Moriah", as well as the editor of the weekly newspapers "Lefi Sha'a", "Be'inyaney Dyuma", and "Hed ha'am". Yellin published Hebrew grammar books and was known as an educational figure who widely contributed towards the spread and use of the Hebrew language in Jerusalem of the early 20th century. He was also one of the founders of the Kiryat Moshe neighborhood in West Jerusalem.
Pardo is a very old surname of Sephardic Jewish origin and that derives from the Greek and Latin name Pardus which means leopard, to later change to Spanish Pardo meaning brown and referring to the color of the feline, in Latin "Panthera pardus" (leopard). Israel was conquered by the Greeks and Romans, and many Jews began to adopt Greeks and Latin names. This surname belongs to the Jewish people who settled in the Iberian Peninsula, specifically in Sagunto (Murviedro), Valencia, being at that time the ancient Roman province of Hispania, which later with the arrival of Christianity, some Jews would convert to have a better social status, this being long before being forced to convert to Christianity by the Catholic Monarchs or their subsequent expulsion. Today it is also found in countries including Israel, Spain, Colombia, Greece, Turkey, the United States, Curaçao, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Italy. Members of the Pardo family have distinguished themselves mainly in the Levante region of the Mediterranean.
Rabbi Yitzchok Scheiner was an Israeli–American rabbi who was the rosh yeshiva of the Kamenitz yeshiva of Jerusalem.
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Ḥayyim ben Shabbethai, commonly known by the acronym Maharhash was a Sephardic rabbi and Talmudist, who is considered to be one of the great sages of Greek Jewry, serving as the Chief Rabbi of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Deutsch, Gotthard; Franco, M. (1905). "Abraham Penso". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia . Vol. 9. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 589.
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