The Communist Party of India (CPI) is the oldest communist party in India and one of the eight national parties in the country. The CPI was founded in Kanpur on 26 December 1925.
All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries was formed in 1967 as a splinter group of Communist Party of India (Marxist), seeing its participation in the United Front government in West Bengal as a betrayal. Initially the group was known as AICCR of the CPI(M), and partially functioned as an inner-party fraction.
The Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) was an Indian communist party formed by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (AICCCR) at a congress in Calcutta in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by Kanu Sanyal at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, Vladimir Lenin's birthday. Later the party splintered into several Naxalite groups. The main successor groups are CPIML Liberation and Mukherjee led CPIML.
Sardar Gouthu Latchanna was a veteran freedom fighter from India.
Puchalapalli Sundarayya popularly known as Comrade PS was an Indian Communist politician leader and a peasant revolt in the former Hyderabad State of India, called the Telangana Rebellion and he was also one of the founding member of Communist Party of India (Marxist).He was so dedicated to the upliftment of the poor that he and his spouse chose not to have children, for the purpose of social service. He directly participated in Telangana armed struggle against the imperialism of the Nizam of Hyderabad. Sundarayya remained General Secretary of Communist Party of India (Marxist) until 1976.
Donkada Bhuvan Mohan Patnaik, also known as D. B. M. Patnaik or simply DBM, was an Indian lawyer, politician and communist leader. He was from Bhagimpeta in Srikakulam district.
Vempatapu Satyanarayana (Satyam) was a schoolteacher, member of several Indian Communist organizations, and a leader of the Srikakulam peasant uprising of 1967, along with Adibhatla Kailasam. They had started the "land to tiller" movement in Andhra Pradesh, which later spread to South Orisa.
The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency, officially referred to as the Left Wing Extremism (LWE), is an ongoing conflict between Maoist groups known as Naxalites or Naxals and the Indian government. The influence zone of LWE is called the Red corridor, which has been steadily declining in terms of geographical coverage and number of violent incidents, and in 2021 it was confined to the 25 "most affected" locations and 70 "total affected" districts across 10 states in two coal rich, remote, forested hilly clusters in and around the Dandakaranya-Chhattisgarh-Odisha region and the tri-junction area of Jharkhand-Bihar and-West Bengal. The Naxalites have frequently targeted tribal, police and government workers in what they say is a fight for improved land rights and more jobs for neglected agricultural laborer and the poor.
Jangal Santhal, also known as Jangal Santal from Hatighisa village, Darjeeling district in north West Bengal, was one of the founders of the Naxalite movement.
Hare Krishna Konar was an Indian communist politician and revolutionary freedom fighter and was the founding member of the Communist Party of India Marxist, who played a major role in land reforms and Benami system in India and over half a decade he serve as General Secretary of All India Kisan Sabha. He was the member of first central committee of Communist Party of India (Marxist) and he was also the Minister of Land and Land Revenue (Reforms) in government of West Bengal and the member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly and he has also played major role in Communist movement in India and Peasant movement. He was one of the revolutionary freedom fighters of India, for joining the Jugantar group associated with Anushilan Samiti he was deported to Cellular Jail for 6 years at the age of 18 and their he took part in both the Hunger strike and founded the Communist Consolidation in Cellular prison on 1935.
Baba Bujha Singh was an Indian revolutionary leader. He was an activist of the Ghadar Party and later became a key leader of the Lal Communist Party. Singh later became a symbol of the Naxalite movement in Punjab.
Santosh Rana was an Indian politician. In the 1960s, he was a firebrand figure in the armed struggle of the Naxalites led by Charu Majumdar. Rana received Ananda Puraskar for his book Rajnitir Ek Jibon in 2018.
Samar Mukherjee was an Indian Communist leader. who served as member of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India for the Howrah constituency for three consecutive term, and as a member of the Rajya Sabha. He was a member of the Polit Bureau, member of the Central Committee of Communist Party of India (Marxist) and he was also the General Secretary CITU.
Satyanarayan Singh was an Indian communist politician. Singh was one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), being its secretary in Bihar.
Sushital Ray Chowdhary was an Indian Communist intellectual and revolutionary, active Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). He was the editor of the organs of the CPI, CPI(M) and CPI(ML). He eventually fell out with the mainstream Charu Majumdar group and died of a heart attack in March, 1971.
The Srikakulam peasant uprising occurred from 1967 to 1970, in Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The Naxalbari uprising at the beginning of the Naxalite movement during the 1960s inspired the upsurge.
Naxalbari uprising was an armed peasant revolt in 1967 in the Naxalbari block of Siliguri subdivision in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. It was mainly led by tribals and the radical communists leaders of Bengal and further developed into the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) in 1969. The armed struggle became an inspiration to the naxalite movement which rapidly spread from West Bengal to other states of India creating division within the Marxist Communist Party.
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) was a communist party in India, one of the main splinter factions of the original Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). COC, CPI(ML) occupied a middle position between the pro-Charu Majumdar group led by Mahadev Mukherjee and the anti-Majumdar group led by Satyanarayan Singh. Failing to articulate a common ideological position, COC, CPI(ML) soon suffered internal divisions and splits. Two of the splinter groups of COC, CPI(ML) in Andhra Pradesh are predecessors of the present-day Communist Party of India (Maoist).
Umadhar Prasad Singh was an Indian communist politician. Singh was a leader of the student movement in Bihar, and played a role in building the Naxalite movement in the state. He was imprisoned for eight years. After his release he was elected twice to the Bihar Legislative Assembly.
In 1964 a major split occurred in the Communist Party of India. The split was the culmination of decades of tensions and factional infighting. When India became independent in 1947, differences arose of how to adapt to the new situation. As relations between the Nehru government and the Soviet Union improved, a faction that sought cooperation with the dominant Indian National Congress emerged within CPI. This tendency was led by S.A. Dange, whose role in the party hierarchy became increasingly controversial. When the Sino-Indian War broke out in 1962 Dange's opponents within CPI were jailed, but when they were released they sought to challenge his leadership. In 1964 the party was finally divided into two, with the left faction forming the Communist Party of India (Marxist). The split had a lot of regional variations. It also impacted other organizations, such as trade union and peasant movements. The split has been studied extensively by scholars, who have sought to analyze the various domestic and international factors involved.
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