The Afghan National Civil Order Force (ANCOF), formerly known as the Afghan National Civil Order Police (ANCOP), was an Afghan National Army (ANA) force responsible for civil order and counterinsurgency. [1] [2]
The ANCOP was developed in July 2006 by Colonel Jack Stankiewicz, US Army, Police Reformation Directorate, CSTC-A. It had stations in major cities and towns across Afghanistan.
In March 2018, most of the ANCOP personnel of the Afghan National Police were transferred to the Afghan National Army to form the ANCOF with their role remaining the same. [3] [4] The remaining 2,550 ANCOP personnel in the Afghan National Police formed the Public Security Police (PSP). [5] The ANCOF consisted of eight brigades. [6]
In June 2020, the ANA began disbanding the ANCOF brigades with personnel to be integrated into ANA Corps. [7]
ANCOP's mission was to provide civil order presence patrols, prevent violent public incidents, and provide crisis and anti-terror response in urban and metropolitan environments. [8] Like the Afghan Border Police, ANCOP used to be a branch of the Afghan National Police (ANP), under the nation's Ministry of Interior Affairs. However, both units, ANCOP and Border Police were transferred [9] to the Defense Ministry.
ANCOP's 5,365 authorized strength was commanded by a Major General. ANCOP was divided into five Brigades, each commanded by a Brigadier General. These brigades were stationed in Kabul, Paktia, Kandahar, Herat, and Mazar-i-Sharif.
Given they underwent 16 weeks of training and had a higher literacy rate than the regular Afghan National Police, ANCOP were generally considered a more elite force than the regular ANP that used to oversee them. [10] They were one of the most deployable force of the ANP.
Since December 2009, French gendarmes (43 in March 2011) and Spanish officers, Dutch and Polish, under the mandate of the European Gendarmerie Force, operated in the training center of the Afghan National Civil Order Police to Mazar-e-Sharif. The training center in Western Afghanistan's Herat Province was staffed with a contingent of Italian Carbinieri augmented by a number of Polish Military Police and United States Marines.
The ANCOP were utilized as a replacement force when a local unit of ANP were sent for initial training to a NATO-led basic training facility. As well, ANCOP were also heavily utilized as a "surge" force of police wherever necessary within the country. As a result, an average ANCOP officer had been deployed on the front lines for a longer average time than his regular ANP counterpart; which had created an inordinate amount of turnover within the ANCOP force. [11]
It had two SWAT teams, several explosive ordnance disposal teams, a heavy weapons company, transportation company and logistics support company. [12]
In return for the higher commitment of training and fighting, ANCOP officers were promoted to sergeant and received approximately $265 a month, roughly double the salary of a regular new ANP recruit. [13] The ANCOP personnel have thwarted several insurgent attacks over the last few years in Kabul.
The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) was a multinational military mission in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. It was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1386 pursuant to the Bonn Agreement, which outlined the establishment of a permanent Afghan government following the U.S. invasion in October 2001. ISAF's primary goal was to train the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) and assist Afghanistan in rebuilding key government institutions; it gradually took part in the broader war in Afghanistan against the Taliban insurgency.
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Law enforcement in Afghanistan is one of three major components of the nation's criminal justice system, along with courts and corrections. The General Directorate of Intelligence (GDI) is the intelligence agency of the government of Afghanistan. The Afghan National Police, which includes the Afghan Border Police and the Afghan National Civil Order Police, was the police force of Afghanistan with jurisdiction that covers the entire 34 provinces of the country during the Islamic Republic period. The Afghan National Police is responsible for civilian law enforcement. Originally a force of the Western-backed government, it was reorganized as an arm of the Taliban after its takeover of the country.
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Task Force Phoenix, or more properly known as Combined Joint Task Force Phoenix, was an international military formation. It was organized by the United States Central Command (CENTCOM) in 2003-2004 to train and mentor the newly created Afghan National Army/Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) to establish and maintain law and order throughout Afghanistan using Embedded Training Teams or ETTs.
The Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), also known as the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF), were the military and internal security forces of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
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