Agardite

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Agardite-(Y), agardite-(Ce), agardite-(Nd), agardite-(La)
Agardite-(Ce)-174233.jpg
An example of agardite-(Ce) in the form of pistachio-green acicular crystals on contrasting matrix
General
Category Arsenate minerals
Formula
(repeating unit)		(REE,Ca)Cu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O
IMA symbol Arg-Y, Arg-Ce. Agr-Nd, Arg-La [1]
Strunz classification 8.DL.15
Dana classification (Y): 42.05.01.02
(Ce): 42.05.01.02e
(Nd): 42.05.01.02b
(La): 42.05.01.02a
Crystal system Hexagonal
Crystal class Dipyramidal (6/m)
H–M symbol: (6/m)
Space group P63/m
(agardite-(La): unknown space group)
Unit cell a = 13.59, c = 5.89 [Å], Z = 2
Identification
ColorYellow green
Crystal habit Acicular
Cleavage None
Fracture Conchoidal
Mohs scale hardness3–4
Luster Vitreous
Streak Greenish white
Specific gravity 3.7 (measured), 3.775 (calculated)
Refractive index nω = 1.725, nε = 1.81
Birefringence 0.085
Pleochroism Yellowish green
References [2] [3]

Agardite is a mineral group consisting of agardite-(Y), [4] [5] agardite-(Ce), [6] agardite-(Nd), [7] and agardite-(La). [8] They comprise a group of minerals that are hydrous hydrated arsenates of rare-earth elements (REE) and copper, with the general chemical formula (REE,Ca)Cu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O. Yttrium, cerium, neodymium, lanthanum, as well as trace to minor amounts of other REEs, are present in their structure. Agardite-(Y) is probably the most often found representative.[ citation needed ] They form needle-like yellow-green (variably hued) crystals in the hexagonal crystal system. Agardite minerals are a member of the mixite structure group, which has the general chemical formula Cu2+6A(TO4)3(OH)6·3H2O, where A is a REE, Al, Ca, Pb, or Bi, and T is P or As. In addition to the four agardite minerals, the other members of the mixite mineral group are calciopetersite, [9] goudeyite, [10] mixite, [11] petersite-(Ce), [12] petersite-(Y), [13] [14] plumboagardite, [15] and zálesíite. [16]

Contents

Agardite-(Y) from the Bou Skour mine in Djebel Sarhro, Morocco was the first of the agardite-group minerals to be characterized. [17] It was described by Dietrich in 1969 and was named after Jules Agard, a French geologist at the Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Orléans, France. [18] Agardite-group minerals have subsequently been found in Germany, [19] Czech Republic, [20] Greece, [21] Italy, [22] Japan, [23] Namibia, [24] Poland, [25] Spain, [26] Switzerland, [27] the United Kingdom, [28] and the United States. [29]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanthanite</span> Group of isostructural rare earth element carbonate minerals

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abernathyite</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mckelveyite-(Y)</span>

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Microlite was once known as a pale-yellow, reddish-brown, or black isometric mineral composed of sodium calcium tantalum oxide with a small amount of fluorine. Its chemical formula is (Na,Ca)2Ta2O6(O,OH,F). Today it is a name of a group of oxide minerals of a similar stoichiometry having tantalum prevailing over titanium and niobium. The microlite group belongs to a large pyrochlore supergroup that occurs in pegmatites and constitutes an ore of tantalum. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a variable specific gravity of 4.2 to 6.4. It occurs as disseminated microscopic subtranslucent to opaque octahedral crystals with a refractive index of 2.0 to 2.2. Microlite is also called djalmaite, but both names are now obsolete.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kostovite</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Junitoite</span> Sorosilicate mineral

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Georgius Agricola is considered the 'father of mineralogy'. Nicolas Steno founded the stratigraphy, the geology characterizes the rocks in each layer and the mineralogy characterizes the minerals in each rock. The chemical elements were discovered in identified minerals and with the help of the identified elements the mineral crystal structure could be described. One milestone was the discovery of the geometrical law of crystallization by René Just Haüy, a further development of the work by Nicolas Steno and Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle. Important contributions came from some Saxon "Bergraths"/ Freiberg Mining Academy: Johann F. Henckel, Abraham Gottlob Werner and his students. Other milestones were the notion that metals are elements too and the periodic table of the elements by Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev. The overview of the organic bonds by Kekulé was necessary to understand the silicates, first refinements described by Bragg and Machatschki; and it was only possibly to understand a crystal structure with Dalton's atomic theory, the notion of atomic orbital and Goldschmidt's explanations. Specific gravity, streak and X-ray powder diffraction are quite specific for a Nickel-Strunz identifier. Nowadays, non-destructive electron microprobe analysis is used to get the empirical formula of a mineral. Finally, the International Zeolite Association (IZA) took care of the zeolite frameworks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kovdorskite</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golyshevite</span> Rare cyclosilicate mineral

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tlapallite</span>

Tlapallite is a rare and complex tellurate mineral with the chemical formula (Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O. It has a Moh's hardness of 3 and it is green in colour. It was named after the Nahua word "Tlalpalli", which translates to paint, referring to the paint-like habit of the mineral. Its formula and crystal structure were redefined in 2019, showing it contained a mixed-valence phyllotellurate layer [Te4+3Te6+O12]12−.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mathesiusite</span>

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Belloite is a Halide mineral first discovered in the Rio Tinto Mine in Sierra Gorda, Antofagasta, Chile in 1998. Belloite has the ideal chemical formula of Cu(OH)Cl. The mineral has been approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, IMA, to be named belloite, after Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López, the founder of the Universidad de Chile. Samples of belloite are preserved in the collection of the Mineralogical Museum in Hamburg, Germany.

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References

  1. ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi: 10.1180/mgm.2021.43 . S2CID   235729616.
  2. ↑ Agardite. Mindat.org.
  3. ↑ Agardite. Webmineral.
  4. ↑ Dietrich J. E., Orliac M., Permingeat F. (1969) L’agardite, une nouvelle espèce minérale, et le problème du chlorotile, Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie 92, 420–434.
  5. ↑ Nickel E. H., Mandarino J. A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature, American Mineralogist 72, 1031–1042.
  6. ↑ Walenta K., Theye T. (2004) Agardite-(Ce) of the Clara mine in the central Black Forest, Aufschluss 55, 17–23.
  7. ↑ Pekov I. V., Chukanov N. V., Zadov A. E., Voudouris P., Magganas A., Katerinopoulos A. (2011) Agardite-(Nd), NdCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O, from the Hilarion Mine, Lavrion, Greece: mineral description and chemical relations with other members of the agardite-zálesíite solid-solution system, Journal of Geosciences 57, 249–255.
  8. ↑ Fehr T., Hochleitner R. (1984) Agardite-La. Ein neues mineral von Lavrion, Griechenland, Lapis 9, 22–37.
  9. ↑ Sejkora J., Novotný P., Novák M., Šrein V., Berlepsch P. (2005) Calciopetersite from Domašov nad Bystricí, Northern Moravia, Czech Republic, a new mineral species of the mixite group, The Canadian Mineralogist 43, 1393–1400.
  10. ↑ Wise W. S. (1978) Parnauite and goudeyite, two new copper arsenate minerals from the Majuba Hill Mine, Pershing County, Nevada, American Mineralogist 63, 704–708.
  11. ↑ Schrauf A. (1880) Ueber Arsenate von Joachimsthal. 1. Mixit, ein neues Kupferwismuthhydroarsenat, Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie (in German) 4, 277–285.
  12. ↑ Williams P. A., Hatert F., Pasero M., Mills S. J. (2014) IMA Commission on new minerals, nomenclature and classification (CNMNC) Newsletter 20. New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014. Mineralogical Magazine 78, 549–558.
  13. ↑ Peacor D. R., Dunn P. J. (1982) Petersite, a REE and phosphate analog of mixite, American Mineralogist 67, 1039–1042.
  14. ↑ Nickel E. H., Mandarino J. A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature, American Mineralogist 72, 1031–1042.
  15. ↑ Walenta K., Theye T. (2005) Plumboagardite, a new mineral of the mixite group from an occurrence in the Southern Black Forest, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 181, 219–224.
  16. ↑ Sejkora J., Rídkošil T., Šrein V. (1999) Zálesíite, a new mineral of the mixite group, from Zálesí, Rychlebské hory Mts., Czech Republic, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 175, 105–124.
  17. ↑ Dietrich J. E., Orliac M., Permingeat F. (1969) L’agardite, une nouvelle espèce minérale, et le problème du chlorotile, Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, 92, 420–434.
  18. ↑ Anthony J. W., Bideaux R. A., Bladh K. W., and Nichols M. C. (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America.
  19. ↑ K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992.
  20. ↑ Sejkora J., Pauliš P., Kopista J.: Agardit-(Y) z ložiska Sn-W Cínovec v Krušných horách (Česká republika). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2011, 19, 1, 64–68.
  21. ↑ LAPIS 24 (7/8) 1999; Wendel, W. and Markl, G. (1999) Lavrion: Mineralogische Klassiker und Raritäten für Sammler. LAPIS 24 (7/8): 34–52.
  22. ↑ Palenzona, A., Armellino, G., Bulgarelli, G. (1994): Le agarditi della Liguria. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1994, 354–356.
  23. ↑ Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 4, 2000.
  24. ↑ Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany.
  25. ↑ Siuda R., K. Gal-Solymos, Kruszewski L., 2006: Agardite-(La)-duftite and scorodite-köttigite-like mineral paragenesis from supergenic zone of the Miedzianka deposit (Rudawy Janowickie Mts., Poland) – preliminary report. Mineralogia Polonica Special Papers, 29, 192–195.
  26. ↑ Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 4, 2000.
  27. ↑ Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 24.
  28. ↑ Goley, P. and Williams R. (1995) Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications.
  29. ↑ Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 323.

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