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Eurostar is an international high-speed rail service in Western Europe, connecting Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
Thalys was, until September 2023, the commercial name of certain high-speed train services in western Europe, operated by the Eurostar Group from April 2022, and by Thalys International before that. The services connect Paris and Brussels, and extend to either Amsterdam or to German cities in the Rhein-Ruhr, including Aachen, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Duisburg, Essen and Dortmund. Since 29 September 2023 the services have used the common brand name "Eurostar", and are sometimes referred to as Eurostar Red, the colour of the trains.
Inter-city rail services are express passenger train services that run services that connect cities over longer distances than commuter or regional trains. They include rail services that are neither short-distance commuter rail trains within one city area nor slow regional rail trains stopping at all stations and covering local journeys only. An inter-city train is typically an express train with limited stops and comfortable carriages to serve long-distance travel.
Nederlandse Spoorwegen is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938. The Dutch rail network is the busiest in the European Union, and the third busiest in the world after Switzerland and Japan.
Intercity Express is a high-speed rail system in Germany. It also serves destinations in Austria, France, Belgium, Switzerland and the Netherlands as part of cross-border services. It is the flagship of the German state railway, Deutsche Bahn. ICE fares are fixed for station-to-station connections, on the grounds that the trains have a higher level of comfort. Travelling at speeds up to 320 km/h (200 mph), they are aimed at business travellers and long-distance commuters and marketed by Deutsche Bahn as an alternative to flights.
Lithuanian Railways, abbreviated LTG, is the national state-owned railway company of Lithuania. It operates most of the railway network in the country. It has several subsidiary companies, but the main ones are: LTG Link which provides passenger services, LTG Cargo which provides freight service, and LTG Infra which is responsible for the maintenance and development of the infrastructure.
The Polish State Railways is the dominant railway operator in Poland. The company was founded when the former Polish State Railways state-owned enterprise was divided into several units based on the need for separation between infrastructure management and transport operations. Polish State Railways is the dominant company in PKP Group collective that resulted from the split, and maintains in 100% share control, being fully responsible for the assets of all of the other PKP Group component companies. The group's organisations are dependent upon Polish State Railways, but proposals for privatisation have been made.
Hungarian State Railways is the Hungarian national railway company, with divisions "MÁV START Zrt.", and "Utasellátó" .The head office is in Budapest.
PKP Intercity is a company of PKP Group responsible for long-distance passenger transport. It runs about 350 trains daily, connecting mainly large agglomerations and smaller towns in Poland. The company also provides most international trains to and from Poland. Trains offer Wi-Fi connectivity.
Polregio is a train operator in Poland, responsible for local and interregional passenger transportation. Each day it runs approximately 3,000 regional trains. In 2002 it carried 215 million passengers.
NS International, formerly NS Hispeed, is a passenger railway operator based in the Netherlands that operates international intercity and high-speed connections to several European cities. It is a subsidiary of the Dutch state-owned railway operator Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS).
Rail transport in the Netherlands uses a dense railway network which connects nearly all major towns and cities. There are as many train stations as there are municipalities in the Netherlands. The network totals 3,223 route km (2,003 mi) on 6,830 kilometres (4,240 mi) of track; a line may run both ways, or two lines may run on major routes. Three-quarters of the lines have been electrified.
Railteam B.V. is a closed company with limited liability (B.V.) based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It operates as an alliance of European railway companies in the field of international high-speed rail in Europe, modelled on the airline alliances and was founded in Brussels on 2 July 2007.
The Polish railways network consists of around 18,510 kilometres (11,500 mi) of track as of 2019, of which 11,998 km (7,455 mi) is electrified. The national electrification system runs at 3 kV DC.
CIV or International Convention for the transportation of Passengers in rail transport refers to a set of uniform rules shared by European railway operators, to cover international journeys.
Stadler FLIRT is a passenger multiple unit trainset made by Stadler Rail of Switzerland. The baseline design of FLIRT is an electric multiple unit articulated trainset that can come in units of two to twelve cars with two to six motorized axles. The maximum speed is 200 km/h (125 mph). Standard floor height is 57 cm, but 78 cm high floors are also available for platform heights of 76 cm.
Eurostar Group is a holding company founded by SNCF Voyageurs, Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, SNCB, and Federated Hermes Infrastructure in 2022. It aims at merging the operations of Thalys and Eurostar high-speed rail services between France, United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands, and Germany.
Wawel is a named international express train. Introduced in 1995 as an InterCity service, it was upgraded to EuroCity category by its operators PKP Intercity and DB Fernverkehr in 2006. The service was withdrawn at the end of 2014 but reintroduced in December 2020.
Nomad Digital is an Internet Protocol (IP) Connectivity provider to the transport sector. It deploys wireless broadband connections for trains, metros, trams and buses, including passenger Wi-Fi services and remote condition monitoring for on-board rail components. Headquartered in Newcastle upon Tyne in England, it operates globally.
References
- 1 2 "TRAIN TRAVEL IN EUROPE | A beginner's guide". www.seat61.com. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
- ↑ "Industry expert warns rail operators must be kinder to delayed travellers". The Independent. 2018-03-05. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
- ↑ "Railways agree on follow-up journey without extra costs in case of missed connection". RailTech.com. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
- ↑ "European rail companies sign Agreement on Journey Continuation". Railway PRO. 2022-10-25. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
- 1 2 "Eurostar and five more operators join the Agreement on Journey Continuation: what does it entail?". RailTech.com. 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
Next to Eurostar, joining the Agreement on Journey Continuation are Hungarian operator MÁV-Start, the Croatian HŽPP, Lithuanian LTG Link, Polish PKP Intercity, and GYSEV, a regional railway company that offers cross-border public rail passenger services in Western Hungary and Eastern Austria.
- ↑ "Another step forward in seamless international rail ticketing" (PDF). cit-rail.org. CIT and CER. 2023-10-23. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
Six new railway undertakings have or will soon join the CIT Agreement on Journey Continuation (AJC) - MÁV-Start, GYSEV, HŽPP, Eurostar, LTG Link and PKP Intercity.
- ↑ Carta, Vittorio (2022-05-02). "Rail Session on Through-ticketing - 10th Florence Intermodal Forum Towards EU-wide Intermodal Ticketing" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-10-30.