Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.
Mohamed Mostafa ElBaradei is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat who served as the vice president of Egypt on an interim basis from 14 July 2013 until his resignation on 14 August 2013.
Liberalism in Egypt or Egyptian liberalism is a political ideology that traces its beginnings to the 19th century.
Ahmed Zaki Metwally Abdelrahman Badawi,usually known as Ahmed Zaki,was an Egyptian film actor. He was characterized by his talent,skill,and ability in impersonating. He was also famous for his on-screen intensity. Though he first appeared in a small role in a comedy play,he is widely regarded as one of the most talented male actors,especially in dramatic and tragic roles. Zaki has worked in six films that have been listed in the Top 100 Egyptian films.
Saad Eddin Ibrahim was an Egyptian sociologist and author. He was one of Egypt's leading human rights and democracy activists and a strong critic of former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.
Mounir Fakhry Abdel Nour is an Egyptian businessman and politician.
Ahmed Mohamed Shafik Zaki is an Egyptian politician and former presidential candidate. He was a senior commander in the Egyptian Air Force and later served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 29 January 2011 to 3 March 2011 under Hosni Mubarak.
The April 6 Youth Movement is an Egyptian activist group established in Spring 2008 to support the workers in El-Mahalla El-Kubra,an industrial town,who were planning to strike on 6 April.
Presidential elections were held in Egypt in 2012,with the first round on 23 and 24 May 2012 and the second on 16 and 17 June. They were the first democratic presidential elections in Egyptian history. The Muslim Brotherhood declared early 18 June 2012,that its candidate,Mohamed Morsi,won Egypt's presidential election,which would be the first victory of an Islamist as head of state in the Arab world. It was the second presidential election in Egypt's history with more than one candidate,following the 2005 election,and the first presidential election after the 2011 Egyptian revolution which ousted president Hosni Mubarak,during the Arab Spring. However,Morsi's presidency was brief and short-lived,and he later faced massive protests for and against his rule,only to be ousted in a military coup in July that year.
The 2011 Egyptian revolution,also known as the 25 January Revolution,began on 25 January 2011 and spread across Egypt. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual Egyptian "Police holiday" as a statement against increasing police brutality during the last few years of Hosni Mubarak's presidency. It consisted of demonstrations,marches,occupations of plazas,non-violent civil resistance,acts of civil disobedience and strikes. Millions of protesters from a range of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Violent clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in at least 846 people killed and over 6,000 injured. Protesters retaliated by burning over 90 police stations across the country.
The Hisham Mubarak Law Center is an Egyptian law firm based in Cairo and Aswan which "works in the field of human rights through litigation,campaigns and legal research" and is "perhaps best known for its active support of torture victims and Egyptians subject to arbitrary detention." Founded by Ahmed Seif El-Islam and other human rights defenders in 1999 it has become a major player in Egyptian Human rights advocacy issues.
There have been numerous domestic responses to the Egyptian revolution of 2011. Opposition parties,activists and religious bodies have been staunchly demanding Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak's resignation,with the exception of fearful Christian authorities,who called for staying away from the protests. The government has made ongoing attempts at media censorship,including briefly shutting down nearly all Internet traffic.
The trials and judicial hearings following the 2011 Egyptian Revolution were a series of legal moves to establish accountability among the various Egyptian government officials and prominent businessmen.
Hossam el-Hamalawy is an Egyptian journalist,blogger,photographer and socialist activist. He is a member of the Revolutionary Socialists and the Center for Socialist Studies.
The Free Egyptians Party is an Egyptian liberal party,founded after the 2011 Egyptian revolution. It supports the principles of a liberal,democratic,and secular political order in Egypt. The Free Egyptians Party was the largest party in the House of Representatives. The party is a founding member of Al Hurriya Liberal Network.
Hamdeen Sabahi is an Egyptian politician and journalist. He is currently the leader of the Egyptian Popular Current and a co-leader of the National Salvation Front. An opposition activist during the Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak eras,Sabahi was jailed 17 times during their presidencies for political dissidence. He was an immediate supporter and participant of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. Sabahi entered the 2012 Egyptian presidential race in which he finished third place with 21.5% of the vote trailing the second place candidate Ahmed Shafiq by a margin of 700,000 votes. In the 2014 presidential election he was one of just two candidates. He ran second with less than 4% of the vote. Abdel Fattah el-Sisi was declared the winner after attracting 22 million of the nearly 23 million votes cast. Sisi was sworn into office as President of Egypt on 8 June 2014.
Mohammed Khairat Saad el-Shater is an Egyptian engineer,businessman and Islamist political activist. A leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood,as the Deputy Supreme Guide,el-Shater was the initial candidate of the movement's Freedom and Justice Party during the 2012 Egyptian presidential election before being disqualified by the election commission. Previously,he was the deputy chairman of the Brotherhood.
The following chronological summary of major events took place during the 2011 Egyptian revolution right up to Hosni Mubarak's resignation as the fourth President of Egypt on 11 February 2011.
Ahmed Seif El-Islam was an Egyptian communist,human rights activist and lawyer. He was the father of the social activists Alaa Abd El-Fattah,Sanaa Seif and Mona Seif. His was married to social activist and professor Laila Soueif,who is also the sister of novelist Ahdaf Soueif.
The 2019 Egyptian protests were mass protests in Cairo,Alexandria,Damietta and other cities on 20,21 and 27 September 2019 in which the protestors called for President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to be removed from power. Security forces responded with tear gas,rubber bullets and,as of 23 October 2019,4300 arbitrary arrests had been made,based on data from the Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights,the Egyptian Commission for Rights and Freedoms,the Arabic Network for Human Rights Information,among which 111 were minors according to Amnesty International and the Belady Foundation. Prominent arrestees included human rights lawyer Mahienour el-Massry,journalist and former leader of the Constitution Party Khaled Dawoud and two professors of political science at Cairo University,Hazem Hosny and Hassan Nafaa. The wave of arrests was the biggest in Egypt since Sisi formally became president in 2014.
