Air traffic management

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Air Traffic Management (framed in dashed green) ATMANS.png
Air Traffic Management (framed in dashed green)

Air traffic management (ATM) aims at ensuring the safe and efficient flow of air traffic. [1] It encompasses three types of services: [2]

The Chicago Convention 1944 (52 signatory states) required each state to provide air navigation services for their own state and early air navigation service providers (ANSPs) were state-controlled monopolies. [5] En-route navigation is still offered by state-run monopolies although in Europe since 1997 they were under a performance review framework and since 2009 and 2013, under performance and risk-sharing charging regulations. [5] [6] In Europe, the organisation of ATM is highly fragmented, with each member state having its own ANSPs operating airport towers and centres [7] under various ownership models. [5] The 37 European ANSPs operate 60 control centres in 10.8 million km2. [8] Apart from five largest ANSPs (DFS in Germany, DSNA in France, ENAIRE in Spain, ENAV in Italy and NATS in the UK) bearing 60% of total European gate-to-gate service provision costs and operating 54% of European traffic, the remaining 40% of gate-to-gate traffic (airport towers and approach services) costs are borne by 32 smaller ANSPs. [8] Such fragmentation leads to delays [5] and costs EUR 4 bn a year. [8] The Single European Sky programme was due to be delivered in 2020 but despite extensive collaboration (such as Functional Airspace Blocks transcending national borders) and research, this has not yet been successful. [5]

ATM encompasses both airspace and ground airport operations. Since the rise of computer sciences, risk management and decision-making are software-assisted. Recent system developments balance interests of airspace and runways on one side, and capacity overloads for taxiway network and terminals on the other. [9]

Related Research Articles

The Single European Sky (SES) is a European Commission initiative that seeks to reform the European air traffic management system through a series of actions carried out in four different levels with the aim of satisfying the needs of the European airspace in terms of capacity, safety, efficiency and environmental impact.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Air traffic control</span> Public service provided for the purpose of maintaining the safe and orderly flow of air traffic

Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through a given section of controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of air traffic, and provide information and other support for pilots.

NATS Holdings, formerly National Air Traffic Services and commonly referred to as NATS, provides en-route air traffic control services to flights within the UK flight information regions and the Shanwick Oceanic Control Area. It also provides air traffic control services to 14 UK airports.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irish Aviation Authority</span> Commercial semi-state company in Ireland

The Irish Aviation Authority (IAA) is a commercial semi-state company in Ireland responsible for the regulation of safety aspects of air travel. Its head office is in The Times Building in Dublin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ENAIRE</span> Spanish air navigation manager.

ENAIRE is the air navigation manager in Spain, certified for the provision of enroute, approach and aerodrome control services. As a public corporate entity attached to the Spanish Ministry of Public Works, it is responsible for air traffic control, aeronautical information and the communication, navigation and surveillance networks so air companies and their aircraft can fly safely and in an organised format within Spanish airspace.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurocontrol</span> European air traffic organisation

The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, commonly known as Eurocontrol, is an international organisation working to achieve safe and seamless air traffic management across Europe. Founded in 1963, Eurocontrol currently has 41 member states with headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. It has several local sites as well, including an Innovation Hub in Brétigny-sur-Orge, France, the Aviation Learning Centre (ALC) in Luxembourg, and the Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre (MUAC) in Maastricht, the Netherlands. The organisation employs approximately two thousand people, and operates with an annual budget in excess of half a billion Euro.

An air navigation service provider (ANSP) is a public or a private legal entity providing Air Navigation Services. It manages air traffic on behalf of a company, region or country. Depending on the specific mandate, an ANSP provides one or more of the following services to airspace users:

System Wide Information Management (SWIM) is a global Air Traffic Management (ATM) industry initiative to harmonize the exchange of Aeronautical, Weather and Flight information for all Airspace Users and Stakeholders. SWIM is an integral part of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP). The GANP defines 4 Performance Improvement Areas (PIA), SWIM resides in PIA 2: Globally interoperable systems and data, where its implementation is further defined in Aviation System Block Upgrades (ASBU) B1-SWIM and B2-SWIM. ASBU B1-SWIM defines SWIM as a “a net-centric operation where the air traffic management (ATM) network is considered as a series of nodes, including the aircraft, providing or using information.” it goes on to say “The sharing of information of the required quality and timeliness in a secure environment is an essential enabler to the ATM target concept.”

In aviation, an air traffic service (ATS) is a service which regulates and assists aircraft in real-time to ensure their safe operations. In particular, ATS is to:

The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is an ongoing United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) project to modernize the National Airspace System (NAS). The FAA began work on NextGen improvements in 2007 and plans to finish the final implementation segment by 2030. The goals of the modernization include using new technologies and procedures to increase the safety, efficiency, capacity, access, flexibility, predictability, and resilience of the NAS while reducing the environmental impact of aviation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Air Traffic Organization</span>

The Air Traffic Organization (ATO) is an air navigation service provider in the United States of America. The ATO is the operational division of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) is a collaborative project to completely overhaul European airspace and its air traffic management (ATM). The actual program is managed by the SESAR Joint Undertaking as a public–private partnership (PPP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ARTAS</span>

ARTAS is a system designed by Eurocontrol to operationally support Aerial surveillance and Air traffic control by establishing an accurate Air Situation Picture of all traffic over a pre-defined geographical area and then distributing the relevant surveillance information to a community of user systems.

Airport Collaborative Decision Making is the implementation of the CDM process for enhancing the airport turnaround and fostering collaboration between the stakeholders. Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as a process applied to support other activities such as demand/capacity balancing. CDM can be applied across the timeline of activities from strategic planning to real-time operations. CDM is not an objective but a way to reach the performance objectives of the processes it supports. The various industry stakeholders are supporting A-CDM optimization, such as ACI World, CANSO, and IATA.

Remote and virtual tower (RVT) is a modern concept where the air traffic service (ATS) at an airport is performed somewhere other than in the local control tower. Although it was initially developed for airports with low traffic levels, in 2021 it was implemented at a major international airport, London City Airport.

Airbus ProSky was an Airbus subsidiary dedicated to improving the performance of global air traffic management (ATM) prior to Airbus merging it with Airbus LUCEM and NAVTECH to form Navblue. Composed of ATM experts and offering various solutions to enhance air traffic capacity, efficiency and safety, Airbus ProSky works with air navigation service providers (ANSP), aircraft operators, airport authorities and Civil Aviation Authorities.

BULATSA is the Bulgarian Air Traffic Services Authority, a branch of the Bulgarian Civil Aviation Administration responsible for air traffic management within Bulgaria's airspace.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unmanned aircraft system traffic management</span>

Unmanned aircraft system traffic management (UTM) is an air traffic management ecosystem under development for autonomously controlled operations of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) by the FAA, NASA, other federal partner agencies, and industry. They are collaboratively exploring concepts of operation, data exchange requirements, and a supporting framework to enable multiple UAS operations beyond visual line-of-sight at altitudes under 400 ft above ground level in airspace where FAA air traffic services are not provided.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jan Klas</span> Czech aviation expert and manager (born 1963)

Jan Klas is a Czech aviation expert and Director General of the state-owned enterprise Air Navigation Services of the Czech Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jimmy Jeffs</span> British air traffic controller

George James Horatio Jeffs, commonly known as Jimmy Jeffs was a civilian air traffic control officer at Croydon Airport, London. In 1922 he was issued Air Traffic Control Licence No. 1. He is credited with developing several early procedures for preventing aircraft collisions.

References

  1. ↑ Fron, Xavier (2007). "Introduction". In Cook, Andrew (ed.). European Air Traffic Management. Principles, Practice and Research. Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN   978-0-7546-7295-1.
  2. ↑ SKYbrary. "Air Traffic Management (ATM)" . Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  3. ↑ Directorate General for Research, European Parliament. "Civilian and Military Air Traffic Control in the EU" (PDF). Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  4. ↑ Baumgartner, Marc (2007). "The Organisation and Operation of European Airspace". In Cook, Andrew (ed.). European Air Traffic Management. Principles, Practice and Research. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 2. ISBN   978-0-7546-7295-1.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 McEvoy, Keith; Efthymoiu, Marina (2023). "The potential of unbundling air traffic management services in Europe". In Efthymiou, Marina (ed.). Air Traffic Management. Principles, Performance, Markets. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. p. 218-229. doi:10.4324/9780429318856-11. ISBN   978-0-367-33244-0.
  6. ↑ "Performance and Charging Schemes". European Commission. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
  7. ↑ Bourgois, Marc (2016). "Introduction". In Cook, Andrew; Rivas, Damián (eds.). Complexity Science in Air Traffic Management. London and New York: Routledge. p. 3. ISBN   978-1-4724-6037-0.
  8. 1 2 3 "Single European Sky". European Commission. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
  9. ↑ Scala, Paolo Maria; Mota, Miguel Antonio Mujica; Ma, Ji; Delahaye, Daniel (2020). "Tackling Uncertainty for the Development of Efficient Decision Support System in Air Traffic Management". IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 21 (8): 3233. doi:10.1109/TITS.2019.2924981. S2CID   198479037.


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