Aisha Al-Manoubya

Last updated • 3 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Souk Al Saida Al-Manoubya Plaque metallique indiquant le souk Saida El Manoubia photo 2 swq lsyd@ lmnwby@.jpg
Souk Al Saida Al-Manoubya

Aïsha Al-Manoubya (Arabic : عائشة المنوبية, ʿĀʾisha al-Mannūbiyya), also known by the honorific As-Saida ('saint') or Lella ('the Lady') (1199–1267 CE), is one of the most famous women in Tunisian history and a prominent figure in Islam. She is "one of the few [women] to have been granted the title of saint." [1]

Contents

ʿĀʾisha was known for her Sufism and good deeds. She was the supporter and student of Sidi Bousaid al-Baji and Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili. Her activities in higher education, advocacy, and public acts of charity were unusual for her time given her sex.

Life

Dates given for ʿĀʾisha's life vary slightly, but scholarly sources suggest she lived from 1199 to 1267 CE (595–665 AH). [2]

According to the standard hagiography, ʿĀʾisha was born in the village of Manouba, near Tunis, and showed signs of her saintliness already in childhood, challenging social norms and effecting miraculous deeds ( karamāt ).

In portraying ʿĀʾisha's socially-transgressive behavior, narrations of her story tend to "alig[n] her with the Ṣūfī model of the 'blamable ones" (ahl al-malāma), those who went about transgressing social norms on purpose" (see also: Malamatiyya). [3]

According to a popular narrative, "after her father had slaughtered a bull at her request, she cooked it, distributed its meat to villagers, and brought it back to life in order to reveal her sainthood," an event which was then "regularly commemorated in song during rituals held at her shrines." [3]

ʿĀʾisha studied in Tunis with Shādhiliyya Ṣūfīs, moving back and forth between her rural home and urban Tunis. Prominent influences were the female mystic Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya (c.95/714–185/801); Abū l-Ḥassan al-Shādhilī (c.593–656/1196–1258), who founded the Shādhilī Ṣūfī order; the Baghdadi ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (470–561/1077 or 1078–1166, of Baghdad, namesake and patron of the Qādiriyya); and al-Junayd (d. 297/910), a Shāfiʿī scholar associated with Baghdad but originally of Persian origin.

ʿĀʾisha is one of the few women to have been the subject of a written saint's life ( manāqib ) in the Islamic world of her time, and she "represents a leading figure of women's sainthood in Islam." Whereas it was customary for female saints in her region to be recluses, ʿĀʾisha mixed with male society, including the poor, Sūfī scholars, and even the Ḥafṣīd sultan.

She had two shrines dedicated to her, one in La Manouba (destroyed in 2012) and the other in the Gorjani district of Tunis. [3]

Commemoration

The neighbourhood Saida Al Manoubya in Tunis Saida manoubia , Tunis pic1.JPG
The neighbourhood Saida Al Manoubya in Tunis

In popular memory, ʿĀʾisha represents a powerful and respected saint. One of the souks of the Medina of Tunis, "Souk Es Sida El Manoubya," was named after her. [4]

A few kilometres from the Medina, a gourbiville takes her name. [5] Al-Manoubya used to retire to pray in that neighbourhood. [6]

The inhabitants of Manouba built a second mausoleum to commemorate ʿĀʾisha under the name of "The Mausoleum of As-Saida Al-Manoubya" in her birthplace area. [7] The Mausoleum is still famous today and valued in the field of Tunisian national heritage and history. It was vandalised and burned after the Tunisian Revolution on 16 October 2012. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]

Primary sources

Secondary studies

Many books [13] [14] and studies [15] have discussed ʿĀʾisha's history. So, too, have cinema and Sufi songs and performances. [16] Key scholarly studies of ʿĀʾisha include:

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tunis</span> Capital and largest city of Tunisia

Tunis is the capital and largest city of Tunisia. The greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as "Grand Tunis", has about 2,700,000 inhabitants. As of 2020, it is the third-largest city in the Maghreb region and the eleventh-largest in the Arab world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Béja</span> City in Béja Governorate, Tunisia

Béja is a city in Tunisia. It is the capital of the Béja Governorate. It is located 105 kilometers (65 mi) from Tunis, between the Medjerdah River and the Mediterranean, against the foothills of the Khroumire, the town of Béja is situated on the sides of Djebel Acheb, facing the greening meadows, its white terraces and red roofs dominated by the imposing ruins of the old Roman fortress.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shadhili</span> Sufi mystic order in Sunni Islam

The Shadhili Order is a tariqah or Sufi order. The Shadhili order was founded by Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili in the 13th century and is followed by millions of people around the world. Many followers of the Shadhili Order are known as Shadhilis, and a single follower is known as Shadhili.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Shadhili</span> Founder of the Shadhili Sufi order

Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili also known as Sheikh al-Shadhili was an influential Moroccan Islamic scholar and Sufi, founder of the Shadhili Sufi order.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">El Kef</span> Place in Kef Governorate, Tunisia

El Kef, also known as Le Kef, is a city in northwestern Tunisia. It serves as the capital of the Kef Governorate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manouba</span> Place in Manouba Governorate, Tunisia

Manouba is a city in north-eastern Tunisia, and is part the metropolitan area of Tunis, also called "Grand Tunis". It is located at the west of Tunis city center at around 36°48′28″N10°6′4″E. It is the capital city of Manouba Governorate.

Al-Mursi Abu'l-'Abbas was a saint from Al-Andalus during the Nasrid period and who later in his life moved to Alexandria in Egypt. His complete name is Shahab al-Din Abu'l-'Abbas Ahmad ibn 'Umar ibn Mohammad al-Ansari al-Mursi. Al-Mursi Abul-'Abbas, as he is now commonly called, is one of the four master saints of Egypt, the other three being Ahmad al-Badawi, al-Dessouqi and al-Haggag. His legacy and reverence in Egypt were such that Mursi became a common name in the country.

Of the religions in Tunisia, Islam is the most prevalent. It is estimated that in 2022, approximately 99% of Tunisia's inhabitants identified themselves as Muslims.

Abd al-Qadir ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Fasi or SidiAbdelkader el-Fassi or, in full, Abu Mohammed, Abu Sa'ud Abd al-Qadir al-Fasi ibn Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf al-Qasri al-Fasi was the founder of the Shadhili zawiyya of Ksar-el-Kebir. His biography, Tuhfat al-Kebir, was written by his son Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi. He was one of the most prominent members of the al-Fasi family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kamel Omrane</span> Tunisian scholar of Islam and politician

Kamel Omrane was a Tunisian scholar of Islam and politician. He was the Tunisian Minister of Religious Affairs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sayyida al Hurra</span> 16th-century Moroccan ruler of Tétouan and privateer

Lalla Aisha bint Ali ibn Rashid al-Alami, commonly known as Sayyida al-Hurra, was a Moroccan privateer who governed the city of Tétouan from 1515 or 1519 to 1542. As the wife of Moroccan king Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad, who was her second husband, she belonged to the Wattasid dynasty. She is considered to be "one of the most important female figures of the Islamic West in the modern age."

Tunisia, officially the Tunisian Republic, is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area is almost 165,000 square kilometres (64,000 sq mi), with an estimated population of just over 10.4 million. Its name is derived from the capital Tunis located in the north-east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lalla (title)</span> Amazigh word meaning "Lady" or "Miss"

Lalla (Lella), Řalla or Řadja is an Amazigh word and title meaning "Lady", "My lady", "Miss." or "Mrs.".

Shukri Mabkhout, also transcribed Choukri Mabkhout, is a Tunisian academic, critic and novelist. His 2014 debut novel, al-Talyānī, won the International Prize for Arabic Fiction and has been translated into English and Italian.

Abu Said ibn Khalef ibn Yahia Al-Tamimi Al-Baji, commonly known as Sidi Bou Said, was an Arab Sufi scholar (wali). A disciple of Abu Madyan, he is mostly remembered for being Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili's teacher during his stay in Tunisia. He likely met with the Andalusian philosopher Ibn Arabi during his pilgrimage and few-years stay in Damascus and Mecca.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sophie Bessis</span> French historian and feminist author

Sophie Bessis is a Tunisian-born French historian, journalist, researcher, and feminist author. She has written numerous works in French, Spanish, and English on development in the Maghreb and the Arab world, as well as the situation of women denouncing the identity imprisonment to which they are subjected. She is the recipient of the Paris Liège literary prize and was honored as Commandeur of the Order of the Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sidi Belhassen Chedly Mausoleum</span> Zawiya in Tunis, Tunisia

Sidi Belhassen Chedly Mausoleum is a mausoleum in Tunisia, located near the Jellaz cemetery south of Tunis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dalenda Larguèche</span> Tunisian historian (born 1953)

Dalenda Bouzgarrou-Larguèche, better known as Dalenda Larguèche, is a Tunisian historian specializing in the early modern period and women in Islamic societies. She is also a longtime political activist, particularly focused on the rights of women and other marginalized people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Squatting in Tunisia</span>

Squatting in Tunisia is the occupation of derelict land or unused buildings without the permission of the owner. Informal settlements known as "gourbivilles" sprang up in the French protectorate of Tunisia in the 1930s and again after World War II. As French colonialists introduced the concept of private property to nomadic tribes, lawyers such as Habib Bourguiba represented the rights of squatters. By the time Tunisia became an independent republic in 1956, the capital Tunis was ringed by gourbivilles. The response of the authorities was to evict and forcibly resettle.

References

  1. Masri, Safwan. Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly. New York: Columbia University Press, 2017, 118.
  2. Nelly Amri, La sainte de Tunis. Présentation et traduction de l'hagiographie de ʿĀisha al-Mannūbiyya (Arles: Sindbad-Actes Sud, 2008).
  3. 1 2 3 Boissevain, Katia. "al-Mannūbiyya, Sayyida ʿĀʾisha". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24813. ISSN   1873-9830 . Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  4. Slyomovics, Susan (5 November 2013). The Walled Arab City in Literature, Architecture and History: The Living Medina in the Maghrib. Routledge. ISBN   9781135281267.
  5. FERJANI, Chérif. "LA REHABILITATION DUN GOURBIVILLE : SAtDA-MANMOU6lA A TUNS" (PDF).
  6. Pacione, Michael (18 October 2013). Problems and Planning in Third World Cities (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. ISBN   9781134519910.
  7. "Salafists In Tunisia Target Sufi, The Mystics Of Islam".
  8. "Thirty-Four Mausoleums in Tunisia Vandalized Since the Revolution - Tunisia Live". Tunisia Live. 24 January 2013. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  9. "Saida Manoubia, Tunisia's only female Sufi saint, attracts followers".
  10. "Salafist Arsonists Target Tunisian Heritage Sites". Al-Monitor. 31 January 2013.
  11. "Unesco condemns the destruction of the Saida Manoubia Mausoleum | Islamopedia Online". islamopediaonline.org. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  12. "Saida Manoubia, Tunisia's only female Sufi saint, attracts followers | Roua Khlifi". AW. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  13. Jacobs, Daniel; Morris, Peter (2001). The Rough Guide to Tunisia. Rough Guides. ISBN   9781858287485.
  14. Bessis, Sophie (2017). Les Valeureuses - Cinq tunisiennes dans l'Histoire. Elyzad. ISBN   978-9973580900.
  15. "Planned destruction of Sufi architectural heritage in Tunisia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  16. "The Untold Stories of Muslim Saints in Tunisia - Tunisia Live". Tunisia Live. 7 November 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.