Transparency International e.V. (TI) is a German registered association founded in 1993 by former employees of the World Bank. Based in Berlin,its nonprofit and non-governmental purpose is to take action to combat global corruption with civil societal anti-corruption measures and to prevent criminal activities arising from corruption. Its most notable publications include the Global Corruption Barometer and the Corruption Perceptions Index. Transparency International serves as an umbrella organization. From 1993 to today,its membership has grown from a few individuals to more than 100 national chapters,which engage in fighting perceived corruption in their home countries. TI is a member of G20 Think Tanks,UNESCO Consultative Status,United Nations Global Compact,Sustainable Development Solutions Network and shares the goals of peace,justice,strong institutions and partnerships of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG). TI is a social partner of Global Alliance in Management Education. TI confirmed the dis-accreditation of the national chapter of United States of America in 2017.
The Economic,Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC) is an advisory body of the African Union designed to give civil society organizations (CSOs) a voice within the AU institutions and decision-making processes. ECOSOCC is made up of civil society organizations from a wide range of sectors including labour,business and professional groups,service providers and policy think tanks,both from within Africa and the African diaspora.
The African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) is a mutually agreed instrument voluntarily acceded to by the member states of the African Union (AU) as a self-monitoring mechanism. It was founded in 2003.
Peter Eigen is a lawyer,development economist and civil society leader.
Ronald MacLean-Abaroa is a former Bolivian politician and leading international expert in decentralization,devolution of government powers to local citizens,and anti-corruption strategies.
Raymond W. Baker is an American businessman,scholar,author,and "authority on financial crime." He is the founder and president of Global Financial Integrity,a research and advocacy organization in Washington,DC working to curtail illicit financial flows.
Bernard Muna was a Cameroonian lawyer,magistrate and politician. He served as Deputy Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda from 1997 to 2002. He was a candidate for the 2011 Presidential elections in Cameroon.
Henriette Ekwe Ebongo is a Cameroonian journalist,publisher and political activist. She was awarded the International Women of Courage Award in 2011.
The International Anti-Corruption Conference (IACC) is a series of international conferences organised by the IACC Council,in association with local governments and organisations,with Transparency International as its secretariat. The conference was first held in 1983 in Washington D.C.,and the New York City Department of Investigation and has since been held every two years in a different country.
Corruption in Somalia pertains to purported levels of corruption within Somalia's public and private sectors according to official metrics,anti-graft measures aimed at addressing those issues,as well as political dispensations and structural changes in government affecting transparency. Owing to a reported lack of accountability in the receipt and expenditure of public funds by the Transitional Federal Government,a federal Anti-Corruption Commission was put into place in 2011 so as to deter and eliminate graft. On Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index,Somalia scored 11 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score,Somalia ranked last among the 180 countries in the Index,where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores,the best score was 90,the average score was 43,and the worst score was Somalia's,11. For comparison with regional scores,the average score among sub-Saharan African countries was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was Somalia's,11.
Corruption in Bangladesh has been a continuing problem. According to all major ranking institutions,Bangladesh routinely finds itself among the most corrupt countries in the world.
Since independence,corruption has been more than prevalent in Cameroon. In fact,corruption has become pervasive and has affected all sectors of the government and civil society including the executive,judiciary,police,and even the private sector. The main causes being a deep lack of political will to fight corruption and neopatrimonialism. Other causes include;personal interests and absence of duty conscience,weak judiciary and almost nonexistent opposition in the legislative,nepotism and favouritism,ineffective system of accountability,among others.
On Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index,Senegal scored 43 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score,Senegal ranked 70th among the 180 countries in the Index,where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores,Senegal's score was also the average score in 2023;the best score was 90 and the worst score was 11. For comparison with regional scores,the average score among sub-Saharan African countries was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was 11.
Ama Tutu Muna is a Cameroonian politician who was the Minister of Arts and Culture from 2007 to 2015.
Corruption in Guinea-Bissau occurs at among the highest levels in the world. In Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index for 2023,Guinea-Bissau scored 22 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score,Guinea-Bissau ranked 158th among the 180 countries in the Index,where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. However,Guinea-Bissau's score has either improved or remained steady every year since its low point in 2018,when it scored 16. For comparison with worldwide scores,the best score in 2023 was 90,the average score was 43,and the worst score was 11. For comparison with regional scores,the average score among sub-Saharan African countries was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was 11. In 2013,Guinea-Bissau scored below the averages for both Africa and West Africa on the Mo Ibrahim Foundation’s Index of African Governance.
Patricia Moreira was the managing director of the international secretariat of Transparency International,an organization that campaigns against corruption,between October 2017 and February 2020.
Irene Ovonji-Odida is a Ugandan lawyer,politician,and women's rights activist. A member of the Uganda Law Reform Commission,she contributed to the writing of the 1995 Ugandan Constitution and helped to shape the East African Community. She has worked for various charities including ActionAid and carried out election monitoring in Uganda and Tanzania. She was an elected member of the East African Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2006.
Corruption in Chad is characterized by nepotism and cronyism. Chad received a score of 20 in the 2023 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score,Chad ranked 162nd among the 180 countries in the Index,where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores,the best score was 90,the average score was 43,and the worst score was 11. For comparison with regional scores,the average score among sub-Saharan African countries was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was 11.
The Basel Institute on Governance is an independent,international non-profit organisation dedicated to preventing and combating corruption and other financial crimes and to strengthening governance around the world. The organisation was established in Basel,Switzerland in 2003 by Professor Mark Pieth.
Corruption is endemic in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is widely considered to be one of the most politically and economically corrupt nations in the world and international rankings reflect this. Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index scored Sierra Leone at 35 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score,Sierra Leone ranked 108th among the 180 countries in the Index,where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores,the best score was 90,the average score was 43,and the worst score was 11. For comparison with regional scores,the average score among sub-Saharan African countries was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was 11. The 2018 Global Competitiveness Report ranked Sierra Leone 109th out of 140 countries for Incidence of Corruption,with country 140 having the highest incidence of corruption. Corruption is prevalent in many aspects of society in Sierra Leone,especially in the aftermath of the Sierra Leone Civil War. The illicit trade in conflict diamonds funded the rebel Revolutionary United Front (RUF) forces during the civil war,leading to fighting between the Sierra Leone Army and the RUF for control of the diamond mines. Widespread corruption in the health care sector has limited access to medical care,with health care workers often dependent on receiving bribes to supplement their low pay.
