Transparency International e.V. (TI) is a German registered association founded in 1993 by former employees of the World Bank. Based in Berlin,its nonprofit and non-governmental purpose is to take action to combat global corruption with civil societal anti-corruption measures and to prevent criminal activities arising from corruption. Its most notable publications include the Global Corruption Barometer and the Corruption Perceptions Index. Transparency International serves as an umbrella organization. From 1993 to today,its membership has grown from a few individuals to more than 100 national chapters,which engage in fighting perceived corruption in their home countries. TI is a member of G20 Think Tanks,UNESCO Consultative Status,United Nations Global Compact,Sustainable Development Solutions Network and shares the goals of peace,justice,strong institutions and partnerships of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG). TI is a social partner of Global Alliance in Management Education. TI confirmed the dis-accreditation of the national chapter of United States of America in 2017.
The Economic,Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC) is an advisory body of the African Union designed to give civil society organizations (CSOs) a voice within the AU institutions and decision-making processes. ECOSOCC is made up of civil society organizations from a wide range of sectors including labour,business and professional groups,service providers and policy think tanks,both from within Africa and the African diaspora.
The African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) is a mutually agreed instrument voluntarily acceded to by the member states of the African Union (AU) as a self-monitoring mechanism. It was founded in 2003.
Peter Eigen is a lawyer,development economist and civil society leader.
Ronald MacLean-Abaroa is a former Bolivian politician and leading international expert in decentralization,devolution of government powers to local citizens,and anti-corruption strategies.
Salomon Tandeng Muna was a Cameroonian politician of the Cameroonian National Union. He served as the first Prime Minister of the federated state of West Cameroon from January 11,1968,to June 2,1972. Additionally,he served as Vice President of the Federal Republic of Cameroon from 1970 to 1972. He was President of the National Assembly of Cameroon from 1973 to 1988.
Raymond W. Baker is an American businessman,scholar,author,and "authority on financial crime." He is the founder and president of Global Financial Integrity,a research and advocacy organization in Washington,DC working to curtail illicit financial flows.
Bernard Muna was a Cameroonian lawyer,magistrate and politician. He served as Deputy Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda from 1997 to 2002. He was a candidate for the 2011 Presidential elections in Cameroon.
Henriette Ekwe Ebongo is a Cameroonian journalist,publisher and political activist. She was awarded the International Women of Courage Award in 2011.
The International Anti-Corruption Conference (IACC) is a series of international conferences organised by the IACC Council,in association with local governments and organisations,with Transparency International as its secretariat. The conference was first held in 1983 in Washington D.C. and has since been held every two years in a different country.
Corruption in Bangladesh has been a continuing problem. According to all major ranking institutions,Bangladesh routinely finds itself among the most corrupt countries in the world.
Since independence,corruption has been more than prevalent in Cameroon. In fact,corruption has become pervasive and has affected all sectors of the government and civil society including the executive,judiciary,police,and even the private sector. The main causes being a deep lack of political will to fight corruption and neopatrimonialism. Other causes include;personal interests and absence of duty conscience,weak judiciary and almost nonexistent opposition in the legislative,nepotism and favouritism,ineffective system of accountability,among others.
On Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index,Senegal scored 43 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score,Senegal ranked 70th among the 180 countries in the Index,where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores,Senegal's score was also the average score in 2023;the best score was 90 and the worst score was 11. For comparison with regional scores,the average score among sub-Saharan African countries was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was 11.
The International Anti-Corruption Court (IACC) is a proposed international court that would strengthen the enforcement of criminal laws against corrupt leaders. The effort to establish the court was first proposed by Judge Mark L. Wolf,a Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts,at the 2012 St. Petersburg International Legal Forum,the 2014 World Forum on Global Governance,and in articles for the Brookings Institution and The Washington Post in 2014.
Ama Tutu Muna is a Cameroonian politician who was the Minister of Arts and Culture from 2007 to 2015.
Corruption in Eritrea is considered a deeply serious and growing problem. The level of corruption used to be considerably lower in Eritrea than in many other African countries. Indeed,it was traditionally viewed as having a "strong 'anti-corruption' culture" and considered relatively "egalitarian and corruption-free." In 2006,a report by Bertelsmann Stiftung stated that corruption,as of that date,was not a serious problem within Eritrea. While noting that there had been "cases of corruption since independence," they existed on a negligible level,although politically-motivated corruption allegations have been made. But,in fact,corruption is said to have been growing steadily worse ever since 1998,when,not long after the end of its decades-long war of independence,a border conflict with Ethiopia led to another war.
Presidential elections were held in Cameroon on 7 October 2018.
Irene Ovonji-Odida is a Ugandan lawyer,politician,and women's rights activist. A member of the Uganda Law Reform Commission,she contributed to the writing of the 1995 Ugandan Constitution and helped to shape the East African Community. She has worked for various charities including ActionAid and carried out election monitoring in Uganda and Tanzania. She was an elected member of the East African Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2006.
The Major National Dialogue is the official name of a dialogue between the Government of Cameroon and various opposition parties,aimed at resolving the Anglophone Crisis. The event took place between September 30 and October 4,2019.
Corruption is endemic in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is widely considered to be one of the most politically and economically corrupt nations in the world and international rankings reflect this. Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index scored Sierra Leone at 35 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score,Sierra Leone ranked 108th among the 180 countries in the Index,where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores,the best score was 90,the average score was 43,and the worst score was 11. For comparison with regional scores,the average score among sub-Saharan African countries was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was 11. The 2018 Global Competitiveness Report ranked Sierra Leone 109th out of 140 countries for Incidence of Corruption,with country 140 having the highest incidence of corruption. Corruption is prevalent in many aspects of society in Sierra Leone,especially in the aftermath of the Sierra Leone Civil War. The illicit trade in conflict diamonds funded the rebel Revolutionary United Front (RUF) forces during the civil war,leading to fighting between the Sierra Leone Army and the RUF for control of the diamond mines. Widespread corruption in the health care sector has limited access to medical care,with health care workers often dependent on receiving bribes to supplement their low pay.
