Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Manṣūr usually known simply as by his laqab al-Manṣūr (المنصور) was the second Abbasid caliph, reigning from 136 AH to 158 AH succeeding his brother al-Saffah. He is known for founding the 'Round City' of Madinat al-Salam, which was to become the core of imperial Baghdad.
Banu Hashim is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad Ibn Abdullah belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.
Al-Mutawakkil III was the seventeenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate from 1508 to 1516, and again in 1517.
Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, commonly known as al-Hakim I, was the 39th Abbasid caliph and the second one to rule in Cairo, reigning from 1262 to 1302, under the Mamluk Sultanate.
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Wali, commonly known as al-Wathiq I, was the 41th Abbasid caliph and the fourth one to rule in Cairo, reigning from 1340 to 1341 under the Mamluk Sultanate.
Abu al-Fath Abu Bakr ibn Sulayman, commonly known as al-Mu'taddid I, was the 43rd Abbasid caliph and the sixth one to rule in Cairo, reigning from 1352 to 1362, under the Mamluk Sultanate.
Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, commonly known as al-Mutawakkil I, was the 44th Abbasid caliph and the seventh one to rule in Cairo, reigning from 1362 to 1383 and then from 1389 to 1406, under the Mamluk Sultanate.
Al-Wathiq II was the ninth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1383 and 1386.
Abu Yahya Zakariya ibn Ibrahim, commonly known as al-Musta'sim, was the 44nd Abbasid caliph and the eighth one to rule in Cairo, reigning first in 1377 and then from 1386 to 1839, under the Mamluk Sultanate.
Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas ibn Muhammad, commonly known as al-Musta'in II, was the 10th "shadow" Abbasid caliph of Cairo, reigning under the tutelage of the Egyptian Mamluk sultans from 1406 to 1414. He was the only Cairo-based caliph to hold political power as Sultan of Egypt, albeit for only six months in 1412. All the other Cairene caliphs who preceded or succeeded him were spiritual heads lacking any temporal power.
Al-Mu'tadid II was the eleventh Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1414 and 1441.
Al-Mustakfi II was the twelfth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1441 and 1451. He died on Friday, 25 Zulhijja, 854 AH.
Abu al-Qasim Ahmad ibn Muhammad, commonly known as al-Mustansir II, was the 38th Abbasid caliph and the first one to rule in Cairo, reigning from June 1261 to November 1261, under the Mamluk Sultanate.
Abū al-Baqa Hamza Al-Qa'im was the thirteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1451 and 1455. He was deposed by Sultan Sayf ad-Din Inal after al-Qa'im supported a mutiny of mamluks against Inal.
Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf al-Mustanjid bi'llah was the fourteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1455 and 1479.
Al-Mutawakkil II was the fifteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1479 and 1497. His father, Ya'qub, was son of Al-Mutawakkil I.
Al-Mustamsik was the sixteenth and penultimate Abbasid caliph of Cairo under the tutelage of the Mamluk Sultanate. He served as caliph twice, his first term from 1497 to 1508 and his second term from 1516 to 1517, when he abdicated the position to his son, al-Mutawakkil III.
Abu al-Rabi Sulayman ibn Ahmad, commonly known as al-Mustakfi I, was the 40th Abbasid caliph and the third one to rule in Cairo, reigning from 1302 to 1340, under the Mamluk Sultanate.
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Sarī al-Zajjāj was a grammarian of Basrah, a scholar of philology and theology and a favourite at the Abbāsid court. He died in 922 at Baghdād, the capital city in his time.
Thaʽlab (ثعلب), whose kunya was Abū al-ʽAbbās Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā was a renowned authority on grammar, a muhaddith (traditionist), a reciter of poetry, and first scholar of the school of al-Kūfah, and later at Baghdād. He was a keen rival of Al-Mubarrad, the head of the school of al-Baṣrah. Thaʽlab supplied much biographic detail about his contemporary philologists found in the biographical dictionaries produced by later biographers.
