As highlighted on the Global Peace Index 2025, the camp is considered a significant source of stability for the ISIL group, as thousands of radicalized fighters and family members held within these sites facilitate the organization's persistence through recruitment and ongoing guerrilla operations.[5]
Background
Originally established in 2014 to accommodate Iraqi refugees, Roj camp in northeastern Syria underwent an expansion in 2020 to facilitate transfers from the larger al-Hawl camp, growing to house over 2,500 residents—primarily children and displaced Syrian families—by 2021.[6][7]
By late 2023, nearly 100 third-country national families had been relocated to the facility as part of ongoing efforts to manage the region's displaced populations. While international observers, such as former UN Special Rapporteur Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, have noted that living conditions in Roj are marginally better than those in al-Hawl, the camp continues to face significant humanitarian challenges, including restricted access to potable water, medical services, and educational resources.[8]
Due to widespread financial depletion and harsh environmental conditions, residents often lack basic necessities, prompting large-scale humanitarian interventions. UNICEF—supported by international donors including Canada, Japan, Switzerland, and the European Union—has executed distribution programs providing winter clothing kits to people across the region.[9]
As of 2024, it houses approximately 2,600 individuals, including roughly 2,100 third-country nationals.[8]
It is considered a closed site, meaning individuals cannot leave without permission from camp administrators.[8]
Notable refugees
The camp is home to Shamima Begum, is a British-born woman who entered Syria to join the Islamic State in February 2015, at the age of 15. Her British citizenship was consequently revoked and she was refused re-entry to the United Kingdom with the decision upheld in the ensuing legal proceedings, Begum v Home Secretary.[10][11]
Zahra Halane, a Danish citizen notable for having left her family home in Britain with her twin sister to join the Islamic State. After trying to escape from another camp, Zahra was transferred to a high security section of Al-Roj.[12]
Hoda Muthana, a U.S.-born Yemeni woman who emigrated from the United States to Syria to join ISIS in November 2014. She surrendered in January 2019 to coalition forces fighting ISIS in Syria and has been denied access back to the United States after a U.S. court ruling rejected her claim to American citizenship. When she was born, her father was a Yemeni diplomat, making her ineligible for American citizenship by birth.[14]
Repatriation efforts
In July 17, 2021, former US diplomat Peter Galbraith organized rescue of Amina Bradley, an American orphan who had been hidden by radical ISIS women in Roj Camp. Amina's mother, Ariel Bradley, had taken the child to Syria when she joined the Islamic State. Ariel Bradley, who grew up as an evangelical Christian in Chattanooga, Tennessee before converting to Islam, died in a coalition airstrike in 2018.[15]
In early December 2025, The Guardian Australia reported that the Albanese government had declined an American offer to help repatriate about 40 Australian citizens from camps near the Syrian-Turkish border including Roj camp. These individuals are the wives, widows and children of dead and imprisoned Islamic State fighters. In June 2025, Home Affairs Minister Tony Burke had met with Save the Children CEO Mat Tinkler and repatriate advocate Kamalle Dabboussy, who expressed concerns that these individuals were being radicalised. In August 2025, Tinkler and Dabboussy confirmed that the US government had offered to facilitate the repatriation of the 40 Australians. While the Australian government has previously repatriated several nationals from Syria in 2019 and 2022, the Albanese government had declined the American offer due to concerns of a backlash from certain constituents during the lead-up to the 2025 Australian federal election.[16] A news report from February 16, 2026 stated that 34 Australian families will be released from the camp. Even though they are not crime charges against them, they might face charges when landing in Australia. The Australian government said no repatriation efforts were made by them, making it unclear where the families will go.[17] On February 17, 2026 it was reported that Australian government won't repatriate the 34 women and children released from the camp.[18]
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Syria 
Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria