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Alexander G. Ramm (born 1940 in St. Petersburg, Russia) is an American mathematician. His research focuses on differential and integral equations, operator theory, ill-posed and inverse problems, scattering theory, functional analysis, spectral theory, numerical analysis, theoretical electrical engineering, signal estimation, and tomography.
Ramm obtained a B.S. degree in mathematics in 1959 and an M.S. degree in 1961 both at Leningrad State University. He received a Ph.D. degree from Moscow State University in 1964 and Dr. Sci. in 1972 at the Mathematics Institute Academy of Science, Minsk.
Ramm taught at Leningrad Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics from 1962 to 1979. He was a visiting professor and research scientist at the University of Michigan in 1979–1981. He has been a professor at Kansas State University since 1981, and lectured at many universities and research centers around the world. He is currently professor emeritus.
Ramm received Distinguished Graduate faculty award in 1996 and received Khwarizmi International Award for mathematical research in 2004. He was a distinguished foreign professor at the Academy of Science of Mexico (1997), research CNRS professor in France (2003), distinguished visiting professor at the University of Cairo (2004, 2006), distinguished visiting professor supported by the UK Royal Academy of Engineering (2009). He was a Mercator Professor in 2007, Distinguished HKSTAM speaker (2005), London Mathematical Society speaker (2005). Ramm was a Fulbright Research Professor in Israel (Technion) in 1991–1992, an invited plenary speaker at 7th PACOM in 2009. He was a visiting professor at IMPAN in 2010, at MPI (Max Planck Institute) in 2011, at Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) in 2013, a Fulbright Research Professor at the University of Lviv, Ukraine, in 2015. Ramm was an elected member of Electromagnetic Academy, MIT (June 1990) and a member of New York Academy of Science. He has been an associated editor of many professional journals.
Ramm's work can be divided into the following areas:
Highlights of Ramm's research are:
Scattering is a term used in physics to describe a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass. In conventional use, this also includes deviation of reflected radiation from the angle predicted by the law of reflection. Reflections of radiation that undergo scattering are often called diffuse reflections and unscattered reflections are called specular (mirror-like) reflections. Originally, the term was confined to light scattering. As more "ray"-like phenomena were discovered, the idea of scattering was extended to them, so that William Herschel could refer to the scattering of "heat rays" in 1800. John Tyndall, a pioneer in light scattering research, noted the connection between light scattering and acoustic scattering in the 1870s. Near the end of the 19th century, the scattering of cathode rays and X-rays was observed and discussed. With the discovery of subatomic particles and the development of quantum theory in the 20th century, the sense of the term became broader as it was recognized that the same mathematical frameworks used in light scattering could be applied to many other phenomena.
An inverse problem in science is the process of calculating from a set of observations the causal factors that produced them: for example, calculating an image in X-ray computed tomography, source reconstruction in acoustics, or calculating the density of the Earth from measurements of its gravity field. It is called an inverse problem because it starts with the effects and then calculates the causes. It is the inverse of a forward problem, which starts with the causes and then calculates the effects.
In mathematics and physics, the inverse scattering problem is the problem of determining characteristics of an object, based on data of how it scatters incoming radiation or particles. It is the inverse problem to the direct scattering problem, which is to determine how radiation or particles are scattered based on the properties of the scatterer.
The Bôcher Memorial Prize was founded by the American Mathematical Society in 1923 in memory of Maxime Bôcher with an initial endowment of $1,450. It is awarded every three years for a notable research work in analysis that has appeared during the past six years. The work must be published in a recognized, peer-reviewed venue. The current award is $5,000.
Louis Nirenberg was a Canadian-American mathematician, considered one of the most outstanding mathematicians of the 20th century.
In mathematics, and in particular in the theory of solitons, the Dym equation (HD) is the third-order partial differential equation
In mathematics, integrability is a property of certain dynamical systems. While there are several distinct formal definitions, informally speaking, an integrable system is a dynamical system with sufficiently many conserved quantities, or first integrals, that its motion is confined to a submanifold of much smaller dimensionality than that of its phase space.
Computational electromagnetics (CEM), computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields with physical objects and the environment using computers.
Asım Orhan Barut was a Turkish-American theoretical physicist.
In mathematics, the inverse scattering transform is a method that solves the initial value problem for a nonlinear partial differential equation using mathematical methods related to wave scattering. The direct scattering transform describes how a function scatters waves or generates bound-states. The inverse scattering transform uses wave scattering data to construct the function responsible for wave scattering. The direct and inverse scattering transforms are analogous to the direct and inverse Fourier transforms which are used to solve linear partial differential equations.
In mathematics, secondary calculus is a proposed expansion of classical differential calculus on manifolds, to the "space" of solutions of a (nonlinear) partial differential equation. It is a sophisticated theory at the level of jet spaces and employing algebraic methods.
In mathematical physics, the Degasperis–Procesi equation
In fluid dynamics, the Camassa–Holm equation is the integrable, dimensionless and non-linear partial differential equation
In quantum physics, the quantum inverse scattering method (QISM) or the algebraic Bethe ansatz is a method for solving integrable models in 1+1 dimensions, introduced by Leon Takhtajan and L. D. Faddeev in 1979.
In mathematics, the Novikov–Veselov equation is a natural (2+1)-dimensional analogue of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. Unlike another (2+1)-dimensional analogue of KdV, the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, it is integrable via the inverse scattering transform for the 2-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation. Similarly, the Korteweg–de Vries equation is integrable via the inverse scattering transform for the 1-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The equation is named after S.P. Novikov and A.P. Veselov who published it in Novikov & Veselov (1984).
In scientific computation and simulation, the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) is a technique for solving partial differential equations based on using the fundamental solution as a basis function. The MFS was developed to overcome the major drawbacks in the boundary element method (BEM) which also uses the fundamental solution to satisfy the governing equation. Consequently, both the MFS and the BEM are of a boundary discretization numerical technique and reduce the computational complexity by one dimensionality and have particular edge over the domain-type numerical techniques such as the finite element and finite volume methods on the solution of infinite domain, thin-walled structures, and inverse problems.
Eldon Robert Hansen is an American mathematician and author who has published in global optimization theory and interval arithmetic.
Walter Alexander Strauss is an American applied mathematician, specializing in partial differential equations and nonlinear waves. His research interests include partial differential equations, mathematical physics, stability theory, solitary waves, kinetic theory of plasmas, scattering theory, water waves, and dispersive waves.
In nonlinear systems, a resonant interaction is the interaction of three or more waves, usually but not always of small amplitude. Resonant interactions occur when a simple set of criteria coupling wave vectors and the dispersion equation are met. The simplicity of the criteria make technique popular in multiple fields. Its most prominent and well-developed forms appear in the study of gravity waves, but also finds numerous applications from astrophysics and biology to engineering and medicine. Theoretical work on partial differential equations provides insights into chaos theory; there are curious links to number theory. Resonant interactions allow waves to (elastically) scatter, diffuse or to become unstable. Diffusion processes are responsible for the eventual thermalization of most nonlinear systems; instabilities offer insight into high-dimensional chaos and turbulence.
In nonlinear systems, the three-wave equations, sometimes called the three-wave resonant interaction equations or triad resonances, describe small-amplitude waves in a variety of non-linear media, including electrical circuits and non-linear optics. They are a set of completely integrable nonlinear partial differential equations. Because they provide the simplest, most direct example of a resonant interaction, have broad applicability in the sciences, and are completely integrable, they have been intensively studied since the 1970s.