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This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Algeria |
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Constitution |
Presidential elections were held in Algeria on 16 November 1995, in the midst of the Algerian Civil War. The result was a victory for Liamine Zeroual, head of the High Council of State at the time, who won 61% of the vote. The Armed Islamic Group of Algeria threatened to kill anyone who voted, with the slogan "one vote, one bullet", but (official) voter turnout was 74.9%. [1]
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean coast. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties). It has the highest Human development index of all non-island African countries.
The Algerian Civil War was an armed conflict between the Algerian Government and various Islamic rebel groups which began in 1991 following a coup negating an Islamist electoral victory. The war began slowly as it first appeared the government had successfully crushed the Islamist movement, but armed groups emerged to fight jihad and by 1994, violence had reached such a level that it appeared the government might not be able to withstand it. By 1996–7 however it became clear that the violence and predation of the Islamists had lost its popular support, although fighting continued for several years after.
The Armed Islamic Group, was one of the two main Islamist insurgents groups that fought the Algerian government and army in the Algerian Civil War. It was created from smaller armed groups following the 1992 military coup and arrest and internment of thousands of officials in the Islamist Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) party after that party won the first round of parliamentary elections in December 1991. It was led by a succession of amirs (commanders) who were killed or arrested one after another.
Mahfoud Nahnah was the leader of the Islamist political party Movement of Society for Peace (Hamas) in Algeria.
The Rally for Culture and Democracy is a political party in Algeria. It promotes secularism (laïcité) and has its principal power base in Kabylie, a major Berber-speaking region. Some consider it to take the position of a liberal party for the Berber-speaking population in Algerian politics.
The Party of Algerian Renewal is a minor liberal political party in Algeria.
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
---|---|---|---|
Liamine Zeroual | Independent | 7,088,618 | 61.0 |
Mahfoud Nahnah | Movement for the Society of Peace | 2,971,974 | 25.6 |
Said Sadi | Rally for Culture and Democracy | 1,115,796 | 9.6 |
Noureddine Boukrouh | Party of Algerian Renewal | 443,144 | 3.8 |
Invalid/blank votes | 345,748 | - | |
Total | 11,965,280 | 100 | |
Source: Nohlen et al. |
Delegations of observers came from the Arab League, the African Union, and the United Nations, and reported no major problems. The GIA had threatened to kill voters, but the election passed with few attacks. The turnout was high, despite the three largest parties of the previous elections (FIS, FLN, and FFS) calling for a boycott.
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The Movement for the Society of Peace is an Islamist party in Algeria, led until his 2003 death by Mahfoud Nahnah. Its current leader is Bouguerra Soltani. It is aligned with the international Muslim Brotherhood.
Liamine Zéroual is an Algerian politician who was the fourth President of Algeria from 31 January 1994 to 27 April 1999.
The High Council of State in Algeria was a collective presidency set up by the military on 14 January 1992 following the annulled elections in December 1991.
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