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 Algeria |  Iran |
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Algeria over-all has a friendly relationship with Iran despite having had some strains during the Algerian civil war and disagreements on some of Iran's regional policies in the Arab world.
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Algeria | Iran |
|---|---|
Algeria over-all has a friendly relationship with Iran despite having had some strains during the Algerian civil war and disagreements on some of Iran's regional policies in the Arab world.
The Rustamid dynasty, a famous Ibadi Islamic dynasty in Algeria, was of Persian origin.
After the independence of Algeria, then-Pahlavi Iran soon established relations with Algeria, but due to its remoteness and lack of interests, Algeria and Iran remained somewhat modest relations.
When the Iranian Revolution overthrew the Shah and replaced the monarchy with a theocratic Republic, Algeria served as representative of Iran's interests in the United States from 1981 until the Algerian Civil War.
During the war, Algeria accused Iran, alongside Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Sudan and Libya for meddling in the conflict and supporting the hardcore Armed Islamic Group of Algeria which killed nearly 200,000 people. Iran was found to have used Sudan as a transit supporting rebels and secretly supported by Sudan. [1]
Chadli Bendjedid, then-President of Algeria, believed that Algeria could not become the other Iran, [2] and the Islamists, supported by both Iran and Saudi Arabia, were suppressed. This low-point relations pushed Algeria to finally cede their mission of representing Iran's interests in the United States in response to Iran's supports to GIA. Pakistan later replaced Algeria as representative of Iran's interests.
Since the end of the civil war, Algeria and Iran re-approached the relationship in 2000 by Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika and Iranian counterpart Mohammad Khatami, but there has been a strong mistrust alongside Algerian elites and majority Algerian population upon Iranian political desires, a legacy left behind because of Iran's involvement in the Algerian Civil War. [3] Algeria still has some limits towards Iran's political desires in the country.
Nonetheless, in spite of historical concerns and mistrusts, Algeria and Iran still share some similar views. Algeria and Iran both opposed arming to the opposition groups in Syria amidst the Syrian Civil War or the same current Yemeni Civil War although limited in level terms as Iran directly involved in these wars while Algeria called for total mediations and ceasefires. [4] Algeria is one of few Arab nations that is willing to cooperate with Iran.
Algeria keeps a strong cultural relationship with Iran, a legacy of its ensure neutrality. [5] Economic ties between two nations are also growing expensively and positively, paving the way for deeper ties between the two nations. [6]
Algeria maintains an embassy in Tehran. [7]
Iran has an embassy in Algiers.
The foreign relations of Iran are the economic and diplomatic relationships between the Iranian government and governments of other countries. Geography is an important factor in informing Iran's foreign policy. Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the newly formed Islamic Republic, under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini, dramatically reversed the pro-American foreign policy of the last Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Since then the country's policies have oscillated between the two opposing tendencies of revolutionary ardour to eliminate Western and non-Muslim influences while promoting the Islamic revolution abroad, and pragmatism, which would advance economic development and normalization of relations. Iran's bilateral dealings are accordingly sometimes confused and contradictory.
The dynamic between the League of Arab States and the Islamic Republic of Iran has been ambivalent, owing to the latter's varying bilateral conduct with each country of the former. Iran is located on the easternmost frontier of the Arab League, which consists of 22 Arab countries and spans the bulk of the Middle East and North Africa, of which Iran is also a part. The Arab League's population is dominated by ethnic Arabs, whereas Iran's population is dominated by ethnic Persians; and while both sides have Islam as a common religion, their sects differ, with Sunnis constituting the majority in the Arab League and Shias constituting the majority in Iran. Since Iran's Islamic Revolution in 1979, the country's Shia theocracy has attempted to assert itself as the legitimate religious and political leadership of all Muslims, contesting a status that has generally been understood as belonging to Sunni-majority Saudi Arabia, where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located. This animosity, manifested in the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, has greatly exacerbated the Shia–Sunni divide throughout the Muslim world.
Bilateral relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia have been strained over several geopolitical issues, such as aspirations for regional leadership, oil export policy and relations with the United States and other Western countries. Diplomatic relations were suspended from 1987 to 1990, and in 2016 for seven years following certain issues like the intervention in Yemen, Iran embassy bombing in Yemen, incidents in 2015 Hajj, the execution of Nimr al-Nimr, the attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran. However, in March 2023, after discussions brokered by China, Iran and Saudi Arabia agreed to reestablish relations.
Saudi Arabia and Turkey relations have long fluctuated between cooperation and alliance to enmity and distrust. Since the 19th century, the two nations have always had a complicated relationship. While Turkey and Saudi Arabia are major economic partners, the two have a tense political relationship, deemed from the historic enmity.
Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) are neighbouring countries in the Middle East and Persian Gulf region, and share extensive political and cultural ties. Saudi Arabia maintains an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate in Dubai of the U.A.E., while the U.A.E. has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Iran and Yemen have had cordial, if tepid, relations since the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Ties between the Saudi-backed Yemeni government in Aden, however, have been damaged in recent years by Iran's support for the rival Yemeni government in Sanaa linked to the Houthi movement. Since 2019, Iran has recognized the Supreme Political Council as the sole legitimate government of Yemen.
Iran–Sudan relations refers to diplomatic, economic and military relations between Sudan and Iran. For nearly three decades, Iran and Sudan enjoyed a close relationship.
Saudi Arabia–Syria relations refer to bilateral and economic relations between Saudi Arabia and the Syrian Arab Republic. Diplomatic ties between these two countries of the Middle East have long been strained by the major events in the region. Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Damascus, and Syria has an embassy in Riyadh. Both countries are members of the Arab League and share close cultural ties.
Algeria and Saudi Arabia are, respectively, the first and second largest Arab states although Algeria is an African country while Saudi Arabia is a West Asian country.
Iran and Saudi Arabia are engaged in an ongoing struggle for influence in the Middle East and other regions of the Muslim world. The two countries have provided varying degrees of support to opposing sides in nearby conflicts, including the civil wars in Syria and Yemen; and disputes in Bahrain, Lebanon, Qatar, and Iraq. The struggle also extends to disputes or broader competition in other countries globally including in West, North and East Africa, South, Central, Southeast Asia, the Balkans, and the Caucasus.
The 2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran was a mob action on 2 January 2016 by protesters against the execution of a prominent Saudi Arabian Shi'a cleric. Mobs stormed the embassy in Tehran and the Saudi consulate in Mashhad and ransacked them. The embassy building was set on fire with Molotov cocktails and petrol bombs. During the attacks, the police arrived and dispersed protesters from the embassy premises and extinguished the fire.
Iran–Qatar relations refer to the bilateral relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the State of Qatar. Iran has an embassy in Doha while Qatar has an embassy in Tehran. Qatar and Iran have close ties.
The Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict refers to the ongoing struggle for regional influence between Qatar and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), both of which are members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). It is sometimes called the New Arab Cold War. Bilateral relations have been especially strained since the beginning of the Arab Spring, that left a power vacuum both states sought to fill, with Qatar being supportive of the revolutionary wave and Saudi Arabia opposing it. Both states are allies of the United States, and have avoided direct conflict with one another.
Saudi Arabia–Senegal relations are the current and historical relations between Saudi Arabia and Senegal. Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Dakar while Senegal has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah.
Saudi Arabia–Sudan relations is the relationship between Saudi Arabia and Sudan.
Despite both being in the core of the Arab nationalist movement, Algeria and Sudan have been greatly different from each other. Algeria tends to be secular, but Sudan is much more Islamist-oriented and has an unstable relationship with neighboring countries like Egypt, Chad, Ethiopia, Libya, and South Sudan. Therefore, there has been a lack of cooperation between the two nations. Nonetheless, the two countries have been expanding their relations.
Algeria–Syria relations refers to the relationship between the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria and the Syrian Arab Republic. Algeria has an embassy in Damascus; while Syria has an embassy in Algiers. Both are members of the Arab League. During the Syrian conflict, Algeria was one of the few Arab countries that maintained close ties with the Government of Syria under Bashar al-Assad, and has defended Syria within the Arab League.
Islamic Republic of Iran and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan share a long but complicated relationship which has, at times, been tense and unstable. Jordan has an embassy in Tehran.
Morocco–Syria relations refers to bilateral and political ties between Morocco and Syria. Both are members of the United Nations, Arab League, and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Syria had an embassy in Rabat. Morocco is represented in Syria through its embassy in Damascus.
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