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Islamism refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements that believe Islam should influence political systems, and generally oppose secularism. The advocates of Islamism, also known as "al-Islamiyyun", are dedicated to realizing their ideological interpretation of Islam within the context of the state or society. The majority of them are affiliated with Islamic institutions or social mobilization movements, often designated as "al-harakat al-Islamiyyah." Islamists emphasize the implementation of sharia, pan-Islamic political unity, and the creation of Islamic states.
The Armed Islamic Group was one of the two main Islamist insurgent groups that fought the Algerian government and army in the Algerian Civil War.
Articles related to Algeria include:
The Islamic Salvation Front was an Islamist political party in Algeria. The party had two major leaders representing its two bases of its support; Abbassi Madani appealed to pious small businessmen, and Ali Belhadj appealed to the angry, often unemployed youth of Algeria.
Abbassi Madani was an Algerian politician who was the President of the Islamic Salvation Front. As its leader, he became the voice of a large part of the dispossessed Algerian youth.
Takfir is an Arabic and Islamic term which denotes excommunication from Islam of one Muslim by another, i.e. accusing another Muslim of being an apostate. The word is found neither in the Quran nor in the ḥadīth literature; instead, kufr ("unbelief") and kāfir ("unbeliever") and other terms employing the same triliteral root K-F-R appear.
The Algerian Civil War, known in Algeria as the Black Decade, was a civil war fought between the Algerian government and various Islamist rebel groups from 11 January 1992 to 8 February 2002. The war began slowly, as it initially appeared the government had successfully crushed the Islamist movement, but armed groups emerged to declare jihad and by 1994, violence had reached such a level that it appeared the government might not be able to withstand it. By 1996–97, it had become clear that the Islamist resistance had lost its popular support, although fighting continued for several years after.
Mahfoud Nahnah was an Algerian politician who served as the leader of the Islamist political party Movement of Society for Peace in Algeria.
The Algerian Civil War was an armed conflict in Algeria between the Algerian Government and multiple Islamist rebel groups, sparked by a military overthrow of the newly elected Islamist government. The war lasted from December 1991 until February 2002, though in the south of the country an Islamist insurgency remains ongoing.
Abdelkader Hachani was a leading figure and founding member of the Islamic Salvation Front, an Algerian Islamist party.
The Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation was a charter proposed by Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, in an attempt to bring closure to the Algerian Civil War by offering an amnesty for most violence committed in it. The referendum on it was held on September 29, 2005, passing with 97%, and the charter was implemented as law on February 28, 2006.
The Islamic Salvation Army was the armed wing of the Islamic Salvation Front, which was founded in Algeria on 18 July 1994. It was ordered to dissolve by the Supreme Court of Algeria in 1992. Since then, many of its members have either been arrested or forced into exile. The army had about 4,000 men in western and eastern Algeria, and later 40,000 men in 1994. It pledged allegiance to imprisoned FIS leaders Abbasi Madani and Ali Benhadj. It was supported by Libya and Saudi private donors, and allegedly by Morocco and Iran.
Parliamentary elections were held in Algeria on 17 May 2007. 24 political parties and around 100 independent lists with a total of more than 12,000 candidates competed for the 389 seats in the National People's Assembly. While most Algerians voted on May 17, immigrants from Algeria to other countries and Algerians living in the Sahara and other nomads and semi-nomads voted on May 16 due to the distance from Algiers, the country's capital.
Abu Abdul-Rahman Amine, born Djamel bin Mohamed Zitouni, was the leader of the Algerian Armed Islamic Group (1994–1996), a terrorist group responsible for carrying out a series of bombings in France in 1995. He was killed by a rival faction on July 16, 1996.
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Salafi jihadism, also known as jihadist Salafism and revolutionary Salafism, is a religious-political Sunni Islamist ideology that seeks to establish a global caliphate, characterized by the advocacy of physical jihadist attacks on non-Muslim targets. In a narrower sense, jihadism refers to the belief that armed confrontation with political rivals is an efficient and theologically legitimate method of socio-political change. The Salafist interpretation of sacred Islamic texts is "in their most literal, traditional sense", which adherents claim will bring about the return to "true Islam".
Ali Muhammad al-Sallabi, or al-Salabi is a Muslim historian, religious scholar and Islamist politician from Libya. He was arrested by the Gaddafi regime, then left Libya and studied Islam in Saudi Arabia and Sudan during the 1990s. He then studied in Qatar under Yusuf al-Qaradawi and returned to Libya during the 2011 overthrow of Gaddafi and distributed weapons, money, and aid to Islamist groups in the country. His actions were criticized by members of the internationally recognized Libyan government under the National Transitional Council who he in turn criticized as being secular.
The 1992 Algerian coup d'état took place on 11 January 1992. Concerned by the FIS victory in the first round of the 1991 parliamentary election, the army took action and cancelled the electoral process to prevent the forming of an Islamic state in Algeria. The army forced president Chadli Bendjedid to resign and brought in the exiled Mohamed Boudiaf to serve as the new president. The military argued that they had done this to "safeguard Algeria's republican institutions from political and radical Islamists" and to prevent Algeria from turning into a theocratic state.
The Guemmar attack was an attack by armed militants on a border post in Guemmar on 29 November 1991. Sixty armed Islamist militants led by Aïssa Messaoudi, an Algerian Islamist who fought in the Soviet–Afghan War and had connections with Takfir wal-Hijra and the Islamic Salvation Front, attacked a border post in Guemmar, near El Oued in Algeria, killing three policemen. The Islamists were associated with the FIS-affiliated Islamist trade union. This has been considered as the first act of jihad against the government and beginning of the Armed Islamic Movement, prior to the beginning of the proper Algerian Civil War.
The Islamic Armed Movement was an Islamic guerrilla group and terrorist organization in northern Algeria in the 1980s and 90s. The group was the largest and most broadly-based Algerian Islamic extremist organization of the 80s. The group was founded by Mustafa Bouyali in 1981 or April 1982 or July 1982 after a confrontation with security services. The group, which carried out attacks against the government in the Larbaa region, was a loose association of small groups of which Bouyali proclaimed himself the emir. The group engaged in guerrilla warfare similar to the Maquis of WWII, and was based in the rural areas of the Atlas Mountains and the Blida District as it provided the ideal terrain for extremist groups, specifically targeting the Mitidja. Bouyali originally was a preacher at the El-Achour Mosque in Algiers where he had gained a following. In 1979 or '81 he formed the Group for Defense Against the Illicit, pressuring the government to implement Islamic law and to adopt policies that reflected "real" Muslim values. This group attacked bars and individuals, but had no real power, so Bouyali decided to turn to armed struggle. He was relentlessly harassed by security services though, due to his speaking out against the regime and his support for an Islamic state.
References
- 1 2 "السيرة الذاتية - الموقع الرسمي لفضيلة الشيخ علي بن حاج". alibenhadj.net (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 25 May 2016.
- ↑ Entelis, John Pierre (1997). Islam, Democracy, and the State in North Africa . Indiana University Press. p. 64 . Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Ali Benhadj democracy.
- ↑ Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.168
- ↑ « Islamic Politics and the Military: Algeria 1962-2008 » by Riadh Sidaoui, in Jan-Erik Lane et Hamadi Redissi, Religion and Politics: Islam and Muslim Civilisation, éd. Ashgate Publishing, Farnham, 2009, p 228.
- ↑ Archived December 30, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-01-18. Retrieved 2006-03-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "AFP: Algerian Islamists' former number two indicted". AFP. 19 January 2011. Archived from the original on 31 July 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- 1 2 "Al-Qaeda confirms Belhadj death". Magharebia.com. 3 August 2011. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ↑ "Ali Benhadj calls for early elections to resolve Algerian crisis". Middle East Monitor. 23 January 2015. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ↑ Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.170-1
- ↑ Interview with Slimane Zeghidour, Politique internationale, Autumn 1990, p.156
- 1 2 Meredith, Martin (2005). The Fate of Africa: From the Hopes of Freedom to the Heart of Despair : a ... . PublicAffairs. p. 453. ISBN 9781586482466 . Retrieved 2 June 2015.
if people vote against the Law of God... this is nothing other than blasphemy.
- Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam . Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674008779.
Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam.
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