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The Libyan Armed Forces are,in principle,the state organisation responsible for the military defence of Libya,including ground,air and naval forces.
The Libyan Army is the land warfare branch of the military of Libya,which since December 2015 has been nominally subordinated to the internationally recognised Government of National Accord (GNA) based in Tripoli. Due to the instability in the country in 2011 civil war and the outbreak of a new conflict in 2014,the Libyan ground forces remain structurally divided,with components constituting the Tobruk-based Libyan National Army (LNA) under the command of Khalifa Haftar. The forces loyal to the GNA have been fighting against various other factions in Libya,including the Islamic State. Some efforts have been made to create a truly national army,but most of the forces under the Tripoli government's command consist of various militia groups,such as the Tripoli Protection Force,and local factions from cities like Misrata and Zintan.
The Second Libyan Civil War was a multi-sided civil war that lasted from 2014 to 2020 in the North African country of Libya fought between different armed groups,mainly the House of Representatives and the Government of National Accord.
The Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries is a military coalition in Benghazi composed of Islamist and jihadist militias,including Ansar al-Sharia,Libya Shield 1,and several other groups.
The Libyan Crisis refers to the current humanitarian crisis and political-military instability occurring in Libya,beginning with the Arab Spring protests of 2011,which led to a civil war,foreign military intervention,and the ousting and death of Muammar Gaddafi. The civil war's aftermath and proliferation of armed groups led to violence and instability across the country,which erupted into renewed civil war in 2014. The crisis in Libya has resulted in tens of thousands of casualties since the onset of violence in early 2011. During both civil wars,the output of Libya's economically crucial oil industry collapsed to a small fraction of its usual level,with most facilities blockaded or damaged by rival groups,despite having the largest oil reserves of any African country. U.S. President Barack Obama stated on 11 April 2016 that not preparing for a post-Gaddafi Libya was probably the "worst mistake" of his presidency. On October 23,2020,parties signed a permanent ceasefire.
Fayez Mustafa al-Sarraj is a Libyan politician,who served as the Chairman of the Presidential Council of Libya and prime minister of the Government of National Accord from 2016 to 2021,which was formed on 17 December 2015 under the Libyan Political Agreement. He has been a member of the Parliament of Tripoli.
The Government of National Accord was an interim government for Libya that was formed under the terms of the Libyan Political Agreement,a United Nations–led initiative,signed on 17 December 2015. The agreement was unanimously endorsed by the United Nations Security Council,which welcomed the formation of a Presidency Council for Libya and recognized the Government of National Accord as the sole legitimate executive authority in Libya. On 31 December 2015,Chairman of the Libyan House of Representatives,Aguila Saleh Issa declared his support for the Libyan Political Agreement. The General National Congress has criticized the GNA on multiple fronts as biased in favor of its rival parliament the House of Representatives.
This is a detailed timeline of the Second Libyan Civil War which lasted from 2014 to 2020.
Al-Mahdi Al-Barghathi is a Libyan National Army officer who served as the Minister of Defense in the Libyan Government of National Accord,from January 2016 until July 2018. He is an army commander from eastern Libya who had formerly served under General Khalifa Haftar during the Second Libyan Civil War before joining the internationally-recognised unity government.
Clashes occurred in western Libya since 14 October 2016,when a coup d'état attempt was conducted by the former head of the National Salvation Government (GNS),Khalifa al-Ghawil,against Prime Minister Fayez al-Sarraj,the head of Libya's Government of National Accord (GNA). This evolved into fighting between the GNA and GNS for control of Tripoli and parts of western Libya,while pro-GNA militias also attacked other militias for control of the region.
The Libyan presidential election was scheduled to be held with the first round on 24 December 2021,and the second round on 24 January 2022. Elections had previously been planned for early 2019 but were delayed due to Khalifa Haftar's Western Libya campaign,after having earlier been planned for 10 December 2018. On 21 December,head of the High National Election Commission (HNEC) ordered the dissolution of the electoral committees nationwide. On the next day,the HNEC proposed that the first round of the presidential election be postponed by a month to 24 January 2022 and insisted that the House of Representatives is responsible for setting the new date.
In late January 2019,the Libyan National Army (LNA) led by Marshal Khalifa Haftar launched an offensive to take control of the city of Sabha and the rest of southern Libya from the internationally recognised Government of National Accord (GNA) and local factions. Officially,the LNA announced that the reason for the operation was to remove terrorists,Chadian rebel groups,and to secure the border,but it has expanded Haftar's territorial control and acquired him oil fields near Sabha. It has also restarted some interethnic conflicts as the LNA has allied with local Arab tribes,while the Tuareg and Toubou tribal militias are loyal to the GNA.
The Western Libya campaign was a military campaign initiated on 4 April 2019 by the Operation Flood of Dignity of the Libyan National Army,which represents the Libyan House of Representatives,to capture the western region of Libya and eventually the capital Tripoli held by the United Nations Security Council-recognised Government of National Accord. The Government of National Accord regained control over all of Tripoli in June of 2020 and the LNA forces withdrew from the capital,after fourteen months of fighting.
Khalid al-Mishri is a Libyan politician who has served as the Chairman of the High Council of State since 8 April 2018,an advisory body to the Government of National Accord founded in December 2015. He is a member of the Justice and Construction Party,an organisation affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood.
Fathi Ali Abdul Salam Bashagha,known simply as "Fathi Bashagha",or "Fathi Ali Pasha" on his website,was born on 20 August 1962 in Misrata and was the Minister of Interior of the Government of National Accord (GNA) appointed by Fayez al-Sarraj on 7 October 2018.
The Libyan peace process is a series of meetings,agreements and actions that aim to resolve the Second Libyan Civil War. Among these are the Skhirat agreement of December 2015 and the plans for the Libyan National Conference in April 2019 that were delayed because of the 2019–20 Western Libya campaign.
This is the order of battle for the Western Libya campaign,codenamed "Operation Flood of Dignity" by forces under Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar. The forces supporting Haftar and the House of Representatives,mainly the Libyan National Army,are opposed by the armed forces of the forces loyal to the Government of National Accord,including the Libyan Army and the Tripoli Protection Force.
Events in Libya in 2020
The Central Libya offensive,officially known as Operation Paths to Victory,was a military offensive in Libya launched by the forces of the Government of National Accord,to take the city of Sirte and Al Jufra Airbase from the House of Representatives backed by the Libyan National Army. The city of Sirte is considered strategically important because of its close position to oil facilities,which give it control over Libya's oil and gas shipping ports. The Al Jufra Airbase is strategically important for the GNA,due to its central position to Fezzan and denying the Libyan National Army air superiority over Central Libya.
The 2020 Libyan protests consisted of street protests over issues of poor provision of services in several cities in Libya,including cities controlled by the Government of National Accord (GNA) in the west and by the Libyan National Army (LNA) in the east (Benghazi) and south (Sabha) of Libya.
References
- ↑ Lewis, Aidan (19 January 2016). Libya's presidential council names new government amid divisions. Reuters . Retrieved 8 April 2019.
- ↑ Toaldo, Mattia A quick guide to Libya's main players. European Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
- ↑ Maguid, Mohamed Abdel (3 September 2017). Libyan Presidential Council rejects Al-Serraj’s “individual decisions”. Egypt Today. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
- ↑ Sarraj Deputy Quits, Voices Support for Libyan National Army. Asharq al-Awsat . Published 8 April 2019.