The Aligarh Muslim University Act is an act of Indian Parliament enacted in 1920 by imperial legislation. [1] The Act was amended in 1951 in order to repeal sections on Islamic teachings. [2] The Act was amended in 1967 which was challenged in Azeez Basha case. [3] In 2005, the Allahabad High Court quashed the Aligarh Muslim University Amendment Act, 1981, as unconstitutional and declared that the AMU was not a minority institution. Therefore, the notification issued by the Human Resource Development Ministry in February permitting the university to reserve seats for Muslims in post-graduate medical courses was illegal. [4]
The Act is notable for the debate on whether the Aligarh Muslim University had minority status, which came under the scrutiny of the Supreme Court of India. [5] AMU was declared a minority institution by the AMU Amendment Act in 1981 by the Parliament. [6] The Allahabad High Court ruled in 2005 that AMU Amendment Act of 1981 was unconstitutional. The UPA government appealed to the Supreme Court. However, the NDA Government withdrew the appeal in 2016.
The legal dispute over Quebec's language policy began soon after the enactment of Bill 101, establishing the Charter of the French Language, by the Parliament of Quebec in 1977.
The University of Allahabad is a Public Central University located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established on 23 September 1887 by an act of Parliament and is recognised as an Institute of National Importance (INI). It is one of the oldest modern universities in India and also Known as “Oxford of East”. Its origins lie in the Muir Central College, named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces Sir William Muir in 1876, who suggested the idea of a Central University at Prayagraj, which later evolved to the present university. It was known as the "Oxford of the East". Its Central University status was re-established through the University of Allahabad Act 2005 by the Parliament of India.
The Gujarat Freedom of Religion Act (2003) requires religious conversions in Gujarat, India, to be approved by a district magistrate.
SirZiauddin Ahmad was an Indian mathematician, parliamentarian, logician, natural philosopher, politician, political theorist, educationist and a scholar. He was a member of the Aligarh Movement and was a professor, principal of MAO College, first pro vice-chancellor, vice chancellor and rector of Aligarh Muslim University, India.
Jainism is India's sixth-largest religion and is practiced throughout India. Per the 2011 census, there are 4,451,753 Jains in the 1.35 billion population of India, the majority living in Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka. However, the influence of Jainism has been far greater on the Indian population than these numbers suggest. Jains can be found in every state and all union territories, varying from large societies to smaller. The state of Jharkhand, with a population of 16,301 Jains also contains the holy pilgrimage centre of Sammed Shikharji. Jains can be found throughout India and in many other countries throughout the world.
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India created during the British rule. It provides historically disadvantaged groups representation in education, employment, government schemes, scholarships and politics. Based on provisions in the Indian Constitution, it allows the Union Government and the States and Territories of India to set reserved quotas or seats, at particular percentage in Education Admissions, Employments, Political Bodies, Promotions, etc., for "socially and educationally backward citizens."
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) practices affirmative action and offers reservation to the "backward and weaker sections" of the society that includes SC/ST/OBC-NCL/EWS/PWD/Girl candidates.
Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi was an Indian judge who was the 26th Chief Justice of India. After serving as a judge in the Gujarat High Court, Ahmadi was appointed judge to the Supreme Court in 1988. He was then elevated to the post of Chief Justice, and served from 1994 to 1997. He served as chancellor at the Aligarh Muslim University for two terms.
Jainism is considered to be a legally distinct religion in India. A section of scholars earlier considered it as a Hindu sect or a Buddhist heresy, but it is one of the three ancient Indian religions. On 27 January 2014, the Government of India explicitly awarded the status of a "minority religion" to the Jain community in India, as per Section 2(c) of the National Commission for Minorities (NCM) Act (NCM), 1992.
Ballot Measure 2 of 1998 is a ballot measure, since ruled unconstitutional, that added an amendment to the Alaska Constitution that prohibited the recognition of same-sex marriage in Alaska. The Ballot measure was sparked by the lawsuit filed by Jay Brause and Gene Dugan, after the two men were denied a marriage license by the Alaska Bureau of Vital Statistics. In Brause v. Bureau of Vital Statistics, 1998 WL 88743, the Alaska Superior Court ruled that the state needed compelling reason to deny marriage licenses to same-sex couples and ordered a trial on the question. In response, the Alaska Legislature immediately proposed and passed Resolution 42, which became what is now known as Ballot Measure 2. Ballot Measure 2 passed via public referendum on November 3, 1998, with 68% of voters supporting and 32% opposing. The Bause case was dismissed following the passage of the ballot measure.
Lieutenant General Zameer Uddin Shah, PVSM, SM, VSM is a retired senior general of the Indian Army. He last served as the Deputy Chief of the Indian Army Staff. After retirement, he served for some time as an administrative member on the bench of the Armed Forces Tribunal. He was the vice-chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University.
Sir Shah Muhammad Sulaiman was the Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court from 16 March 1932 to 30 September 1937 and was the first Indian and one of the youngest to hold the post. Sulaiman was the Vice Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University from 1938 to 1941.
Aligarh Muslim University Malappuram Centre Or AMU-Malappuram Campus is one of the prominent educational institution of Aligarh Muslim University in south India in the state of Kerala in Malappuram district near Perinthalmanna at Cherukara post. It was established in 2010 by the ministry of Human resource and Development, central government of India. The President of India in her capacity as the Visitor accorded sanction to establish two Centers of Aligarh Muslim University, one at Malappuram and the other at Murshidabad in 2010.
Aligarh Muslim University is a public central university in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, which was originally established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875. Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, following the Aligarh Muslim University Act. It has three off-campus centres in AMU Malappuram Campus (Kerala), AMU Murshidabad Centre, and Kishanganj Centre (Bihar).
Major General G G Dwivedi is an Indian Army career officer (retired), academic, journalist, author, corporate trainer and social worker. He retired in 2009 from the Indian Army (Infantry).
The Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University is the law school of the Aligarh Muslim University which has a history of over 100 years of teaching and writing law. Law classes were inaugurated by Justice Douglas Straight on December 29, 1891.
Ramchandra Srinivas Siras was an Indian linguist and author. He was a professor at the Aligarh Muslim University specializing in Marathi literature and head of the Department of Modern Indian Languages. The film Aligarh, directed by Hansal Mehta, is based on his life.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) was passed by the Parliament of India on 11 December 2019. It amended the Citizenship Act, 1955 by providing an accelerated pathway to Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan who arrived in India by 2014. The eligible minorities were stated as Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis or Christians. The law does not grant such eligibility to Muslims from these countries. The act was the first time that religion had been overtly used as a criterion for citizenship under Indian law, and it attracted global criticism.
Aligarh Muslim University: Murshidabad Centre is one of the prominent educational institutions of Aligarh Muslim University. A new chapter of educational enlightenment was added to the culturally enriched soil of Bengal with the establishment of Aligarh Muslim University, Murshidabad Centre in 2010. The Centre, accredited by NAAC in A grade, is empowered by Section 5(2) (C) of the AMU (Amendment) Act, 1981 and under Section 12(2) of the University Act. [Act XL 1920 and AMU (Amendment) Act, 1972].