Related Research Articles
Exhalation is the flow of the breath out of an organism. In animals, it is the movement of air from the lungs out of the airways, to the external environment during breathing. This happens due to elastic properties of the lungs, as well as the internal intercostal muscles which lower the rib cage and decrease thoracic volume. As the thoracic diaphragm relaxes during exhalation it causes the tissue it has depressed to rise superiorly and put pressure on the lungs to expel the air. During forced exhalation, as when blowing out a candle, expiratory muscles including the abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles generate abdominal and thoracic pressure, which forces air out of the lungs.
Spirometry is the most common of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs). It measures lung function, specifically the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. Spirometry is helpful in assessing breathing patterns that identify conditions such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and COPD. It is also helpful as part of a system of health surveillance, in which breathing patterns are measured over time.
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References
- 1 2 3 Rankine, Jenny (June 2016), "Models for breathing", NZ Images, no. 14, p. 8
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 McKibbin, Robert (April 2019), "Profile" (PDF), Newsletter of the New Zealand Mathematical Society, no. 135, pp. 10–11
- 1 2 "Alona Ben-Tal", About The Author, SIAM News, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics , retrieved 2020-12-17
- 1 2 "Associate Professor Alona Ben-Tal", School of Natural and Computational Sciences staff, Massey University, retrieved 2020-12-17
- ↑ Alona Ben-Tal at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- ↑ Ben-Tal, Alona (2001), A Study of Symmetric Forced Oscillators, ResearchSpace@Auckland, hdl:2292/2323, Wikidata Q111964159
- ↑ Ben-Tal, Alona (2001). A Study of Symmetric Forced Oscillators (Doctoral thesis). ResearchSpace@Auckland.
- ↑ NZMS Accreditation, New Zealand Mathematical Society, retrieved 2020-12-17
