Former design and engineering department of the British Motor Corporation
The Amalgamated Drawing Office was the design and engineering department of the British Motor Corporation. From the early 1950s, the resulting projects of the office were known by the initials ADO. The numbers were assigned to vehicle and engineering projects, some resulting in production models. The ADO numbering system continued well beyond BMC's absorption into British Leyland, who continued to use the convention (not, however on any former Leyland Motors marques such as Rover or Triumph) until the late 1970s.
Contrary to popular belief, ADO does not stand for Austin Drawing Office,[1] the "amalgamation" referring back to the merger of Austin and Morris to form BMC in 1952.
XC project codes
The XC codes (eXperimental Car) were applied to projects headed by Alec Issagonis at Longbridge. All except XC9000 became production models.
XC9000 Forerunner to the XC9001; resembled a Citroën due to the lengthened wheelbase. Did not enter production.
XC9001 Initially a front-drive XC9000, but restyled by Longbridge and Pininfarina. Renamed XC9005 in 1960.
XC9002 BMC 1100/1300; initially a scaled-down XC9001, but restyled by Pininfarina. Known as ADO16 from around July 1959.
ADO27 Proposed facelift for Austin and Morris 1800, but cancelled at an early stage; code passed on to the X6 project (later designated YDO19 Austin Kimberley)
ADO34 Mini-based 2 seat roadster proposed as a MG Midget and Austin-Healey Sprite replacement; two versions of ADO34 were built: one by Austin at Longbridge and the other by MG at Abington. The Longbridge car was built (and probably styled) by Pininfarina, while the Abington car looked like a shrunken MGB.[8]
ADO35 Coupe version of the Austin-built ADO34
ADO36 Austin-Healey versions of ADO34 and ADO35, based on the MG-built ADO34
ADO56 "MG Sport" project, based on a lengthened Mini floor pan. It was very close to entering production.[9]
ADO58 Joint BMC/Rolls-Royce/Bentley coupe project; planned to have been based on a short-wheelbase version of the Bentley Burma (forerunner to the 1965 T1). It would have been built and marketed exclusively by BMC, using the F60 six-cylinder engine. Never reached production.[10]
ADO76 Proposed MGB replacement; resulted in the rubber-bumper model[15]
ADO77 Proposed second generation Morris Marina that never reached production[16] and due to a lack of funding, was merged with the Rover SD2 project in 1975 to form the Triumph TM1
ADO88 Supermini, cancelled due to unfavorable reviews from customer clinics; became project LC8 and then Mini Metro[17]
ADO99 Proposed replacement for the Allegro; became project LC10, then LM10 and finally Austin Maestro
Post ADO project codes
Various conventions were used from the early 1970s within British Leyland and subsequently the Rover Group, even though the Austin-Morris division of BL continued to use the ADO convention until the company's collapse and subsequent Ryder Report restructuring in 1975.
Specialist Division codes
The Specialist Division (SD) encompassed Rover and Triumph. Only four projects were ever pursued during its existence before the division was renamed Jaguar Rover Triumph, and integrated within Leyland Cars in 1976.
SD1 Rover 3500/2300/2600, Rover P6 replacement, launched in 1976. The "Rover SD1" name entered the public domain as an umbrella term for this whole model series, even though it was never officially used in the marketing of the cars.
SD2 Proposed Triumph Dolomite replacement, merged into the ADO77 project in 1975.
SD3 Rover 213/216 - the SD3 code was used retroactively for the 1984 Triumph Acclaim replacement, even though the Specialist Division itself had long been disbanded within BL, and Rover was now part of the Austin Rover Group, therefore logically the LC or AR convention would have been used.
SD5 Proposed Land Rover replacement, cancelled due to a lack of funding and a waiting list for the Land Rover and Range Rover.[18]
Triumph-Morris (TM) codes
TM1 Joint replacement for the Triumph Dolomite/Sprint and the Morris Marina. This superseded the cancelled SD2 and ADO77 projects, but this too was scrapped and replaced by the LM10 and LM11 (Austin Maestro/Montego).
LC/LM/AR codes
Following the various reorganisations of BMC, and the creation of the combined Leyland Cars division of British Leyland, the codes changed to LC in the mid 1970s.[19] Following the merger of Rover's Specialist Division SD codes, these resulted in LM (Light Medium) codes.
LC8 Austin Metro, referred to as ADO88 in early development
LC9 Triumph Acclaim, also referred to as "Project Bounty" during early development.
LC10 Austin Maestro, later becoming LM10, referred to as ADO99 in early development.
LC40 Jaguar XJ40 used this designation during 1977, reverted to XJ40 for 1978
LM14 Proposed hatchback derivative of the Montego which would have been a direct replacement for the Princess, cancelled in favour of LM19
LM15 Proposed replacement for the Rover SD1; dropped in favor of Project XX and eventually the Rover 800[21]
LM19 Austin Ambassador, major facelift and hatchback conversion of ADO71 (Princess) released in 1982.
There was also a short lived "AR" code following the renaming of BL Cars Ltd to Austin Rover in 1982. Most of the AR-designated projects were either abandoned or were renamed using the Rxx convention (see below)
AR5 Proposed replacement for the Rover 213/216. Scheduled for a 1989 release, but was cancelled in favor of the AR8.
AR6 Austin Metro replacement - was scaled back in scope and became the R6 Rover Metro program, launched in 1990.[22]
AR7 Proposed Austin Maestro facelift - scheduled for a 1990 release, but cancelled in 1985 in favor of the AR8.[23]
AR8 Proposed replacement for the Rover 214/216. Evolved into the R8 Rover 200-series in 1988.
AR9 Austin Montego facelift. Launched in mid-1988. This was the only AR- designated project to make it into production.
AR16 A reskinned Austin Montego with new exterior panels to continue the styling language of the Rover 800, along with a five-door hatchback variant designated as AR17. Planned for a 1988-1989 launch, but was abandoned in favor of the "Syncro" project - which became the Rover 600.[24]
R codes & others used by the Rover Group
After British Leyland (now BL plc) was renamed Rover Group and its subsequent re-privatisation and sale to British Aerospace (and later, BMW), project codes in the 'Rxx format were generally used, although some projects were given alternative designations or sometimes names. Projects in this series were not numbered consecutively, unlike the earlier conventions. Some Rxx codes continued within the new MINI division of BMW after the 2000 break-up of the Rover Group, until MINI later switched to BMW's project numbering convention. The later RD code was used for projects undertaken by MG Rover from 2000 onward, to that company's collapse in 2005.
R6 Rover Metro/100 (1990-1997) Was originally AR6, which would have been an all-new Metro replacement - R6 ended up becoming a major facelift and re-engineering of the original 1980 Austin Metro (ADO88/LC8)
R6X Alternative styling proposal for R6.
R7 Hatchback based on shortened R8 platform, styling taken from the R6X.
R8 Series II Rover 200/400 (1989-1995) Was initially known as "YY" (after the original Rover 800's "XX" designator) and AR8.
R9 Sedan based on the R8. Cancelled in favor of a Rover version of the Honda Concerto.
R17 Rover 800 MkII hatchback (1992-1998)
R18 Rover 800 MkII sedan
R30 Rover 25/45 replacement. Proposed for a 2002-03 launch, but was abandoned following the sale and break-up of the Rover Group by BMW.
HD9 Five-door version of the Honda Ballade/Triumph Acclaim (1981), probably a Triumph-badged Honda Quintet. An Australian version was marketed as the Rover Quintet.
HD14 Sub-Metro sized car, probably a version of the Honda City/Jazz
HD17 Internal code for the Honda-Rover large car to replace the SD1-based LM15. Renamed XX in 1982.
XX Rover 800 Mk.1 and Sterling (1986-1992), initially known as HD17. The corresponding Honda sister car, the Legend was designated "HX". LWB and CCV versions were developed but never produced. XX was known internally as "doublecross".
YY Rover 214/216, renamed AR8 in 1986. The Honda version, the Concerto, was designated "HY"
HH-R Rover 400/45 (1995-2005) Also known as "Theta" during its development
SK1 Rover 600, Honda-engined version. Rover-engined versions were known as SK2.
SK3 Proposed Metro replacement, developed by Honda specifically for Rover and would have had no Honda-badged model. Cancelled in favor of the R3.
X120: MG Midget/Roadster/GT (2003-2005), a trio of sports cars based on the MG TF and to be sold in the US. Cancelled when MG Rover collapsed in 2005.[25]
Project Phoenix and PR/PX codes
F-16: MG F forerunner (1985-1989); front-engine, front-drive car styled by Gerry McGovern. This marks the beginning of the MG F, as its shape was used to form the body panels for the PR1, PR2 and PR3.
PR1: MG F forerunner (1989-1990); first Phoenix prototype, built in steel by Motor Panels on a Maestro chassis with a front-mounted transverse 2.0L M16 engine.
PR2: MG F forerunner (1989-1990); second Phoenix prototype, built by Reliant on a Scimitar SS1 chassis and powered by a front-mounted Rover 3.9L V8.
PR3: MG F forerunner (1990); third Phoenix prototype, built by ADC and moved to a mid-engine design. This design was selected to be taken forward as the MG F.
PR3/8300: 1991 styling development by ADC of the original PR3 as part of 'productionising' the design.
PR5/DR2: Parallel MG F proposal (1990): Designed by Roy Axe, it was larger than the other PR-series, but was similar to the PR2 with a front-mounted V8 and rear wheel drive. It could have been an Austin-Healey if the marque had been revived.
PX1: Parallel MG F proposal (1991); revival of the PR1 project, based on the R17 Rover 800. Later became the Adventurer-1.
PX2: Parallel MG F proposal (1991); PX1 on a shorter wheelbase and retro styling. Later became the Adventurer-2.
Project code names
100-inch station wagon: Range Rover (1970); The project also used the name VELAR for registering road going prototypes.
Pathfinder: An aborted recreational vehicle which would have carried Rover branding. This ultimately evolved into the CB40 project Land Rover Freelander
From late 1993, Richard Woolley had already been working on three models to replace the 800 and 600. The first, called ‘Flagship’ (and nicknamed ‘Flashpig’) would replace the 800, the second, called ‘Eric’ was a replacement for the 800 Coupe and the third, called ‘Core’, would replace the 600. Basically, these new cars were conceived to evolve the look pioneered in the 600 – but move in a direction more suited to Rover’s traditional styling cues.
Other codes
The Australian division used YD codes from 1962 to identify their projects.
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