Abbreviation | AFA |
---|---|
Successor | American Guild of Variety Artists |
Formation | 1900 |
Dissolved | 1939 |
Type | Trade union |
Location |
|
Affiliations | American Federation of Labor |
Formerly called |
|
The American Federation of Actors (AFA) was an early actors union in the United States.
The union had a complex history. It originated as the White Rats' Union, which was founded and chartered by the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1900. In 1910, it absorbed the Actors' International Union, and changed its name to the White Rats Actors' Union of America. [1] The union undertook a strike in 1917, but it was unsuccessful, and nearly led to the collapse of the union. [2] Instead, in 1919, it merged into the Associated Actors and Artistes of America (4As), but remained an autonomous organization, as the American Artistes' Federation. [1]
By 1930, the union was inactive. It left the 4As, but then rejoined in 1934 as the AFA. [1] The union was supported by Sophie Tucker who was elected as the union's president in 1938. In 1939, the AFA was disbanded by the AFL for financial mismanagement. The AFL subsequently issued a charter to the succeeding American Guild of Variety Artists, with some AFA members joining the Actors' Equity Association. [3]
The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) is a national trade union center that is the largest federation of unions in the United States. It is made up of 60 national and international unions, together representing more than 12 million active and retired workers. The AFL-CIO engages in substantial political spending and activism, typically in support of progressive and pro-labor policies.
The American Federation of Labor was a national federation of labor unions in the United States that continues today as the AFL–CIO. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio, in 1886 by an alliance of craft unions eager to provide mutual support and disappointed in the Knights of Labor. Samuel Gompers was elected the full-time president at its founding convention and was re-elected every year except one until his death in 1924. He became the major spokesperson for the union movement.
The Associated Actors and Artistes of America (4As), established in 1919, is the federation of trade unions for performing artists in the United States.
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The American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA) is an American entertainment union representing performers in variety entertainment, including circuses, Las Vegas showrooms and cabarets, comedy showcases, dance revues, magic shows, theme park shows, and arena and auditorium extravaganzas. There is some overlap between the jurisdictions of AGVA and Actors' Equity.
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The 1919 Actors' Equity Association strike officially spanned from August 7, 1919, to September 6, 1919. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the theatre industry was revolutionized by powerful management groups that monopolized and centralized the industry. These groups created harsh working conditions for the actors. On May 26, 1913, actors decided to unionize, and they formed the Actors' Equity Association. After many failed attempts to negotiate with the producers and managers for fair treatment and a standard contract, Equity declared a strike against the Producing Managers' Association on August 7, 1919. During the strike, the actors walked out of theaters, held parades in the streets, and performed benefit shows. Equity received support from the theatrical community, the public, and the American Federation of Labor, and on September 6, 1919, the actors won the strike. The producers signed a contract with the AEA that contained nearly all of Equity's demands. The strike was important because it expanded the definition of labor and altered perceptions about what types of careers could organize. The strike also encouraged other groups within the theatre industry to organize.
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