Amirkhamza | |
---|---|
Bey | |
Senior Prince of Chechnya | |
Reign | 1690's (?) [lower-alpha 1] – 1728 |
Predecessor | Muhammad Turlov |
Successor | Khasbulat Bamatov |
Died | 1730's (at least 1732) |
Dynasty | Turlov dynasty |
Father | Tururav II Turlov |
Religion | Islam |
Amirkhamza Turlov, also known as Amiramza [1] or Amir Garze [2] was a prince from the Turlov dynasty who ruled the Turlov Principality until his retirement in 1728. The beginning of his reign is not known, although it must have been before 1707.
He is mainly known for his support for the Bashkir religious and military leader Murat Kuchukov and his involvement in the 1708 Insurgency in the North Caucasus.
He became the Senior Prince of the Turlov Principality following the death of his predecessor Muhammad Turlov, possibly in the 1690s. He is first mentioned in Russian sources in 1708. [3]
In November 1707, he met with the Bashkir ambassador and military leader Murat Kuchukov. Murat decided to stay in Chechnya, where Amirkhamza supported him with everything needed, including military support. [1] When the rebels led by Murat Kuchukov were ready to storm the Terki Fortress, Amirkhamza gathered 700 fighters from all across his state. [4] Combined with the armies of other North Caucasian princes and peoples, this number was raised to over 1,600 fighters. In February 1708, the rebels successfully stormed Terki and captured almost the entire fortress except for the Citadel. However, later that month, Russian and Kalmyk reinforcements invaded the rebel–held fortress and inflicted a crushing defeat on the North Caucasians. Murat himself was wounded and captured, and later on executed. Amirkhamza survived the insurgency and continued ruling over his state. [5]
Amirkhamza was also known for his pro–Crimean and pro–Ottoman views and supported them in their conflicts with the Russian Empire. [1]
In 1728, Amirkhamza retired and was succeeded by Khasbulat Bamatov, who adhered to a pro–Russian orientation. Nevertheless, Amirkhamza continued to be a vassal of the Safawid Empire, to which he paid taxes in the form of cattle and sheep. [6]
Despite his retirement, he continued to remain an influential noble among the Turlovs, and in 1732 he is mentioned as one of the three owners of Chechen-Aul, along with Aidemir Bardykhanov and Khasbulat Bamatov. [2] He died in the 1730s, at least 1732. [6]
A chronology of important events in Amirkhamza's life:
The Chechen–Russian conflict was the centuries-long ethnic and political conflict, often armed, between the Russian, Soviet and Imperial Russian governments and various Chechen forces. The recent phase of the conflict started after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and ended with the oppression of Chechen separatist leaders and crushing of the separatist movement in 2017.
Terki fortress, Terka, or Terek was a Russian fortress in the Caucasus in the 16-18th centuries. It was originally erected at the mouth of the Sunzha river on the lands of the Tyumen Khanate, it was demolished several times, restored and transferred.
Kumykia, or rarely called Kumykistan, is a historical and geographical region located along the Caspian Sea shores, on the Kumyk plateau, in the foothills of Dagestan and along the river Terek. The term Kumykia encompasses territories which are historically and currently populated by the Turkic-speaking Kumyk people. Kumykia was the main "granary of Dagestan". The important trade routes, such as one of the branches of the Great Silk Road, passed via Kumykia.
Aldaman Gheza was a Chechen feudal lord that lived in Cheberloy, Chechnya in the 17th century. He is a prominent figure in the region and Chechen-Ingush folklore, and celebrated as a hero that protected the Chechen borders from foreign invasions. For example, the victory at the Battle of Khachara is attributed to him as he supposedly led the Chechen forces in the battle against Avar Khanate.
The Battle of Khachara was a confrontation between Chechens and the Avar Khanate led by Mohammad Khan. The battle took place in the Khachara gorge in the Avar Khanate during the 17th century.
Tashaw-Hadji was one of the prominent leaders of the North Caucasian resistance during the Caucasian War, a companion of imam Shamil. He was the imam of Chechnya since 1834. Upon the death of Gazi-Muhammad, he was one of the major candidates at the elections of the Imam of Dagestan, losing to Shamil by one vote only. Later, he became one of the mudirs of Imam Shamil. He was also the governor (naib) of Aukh.
The Battle of Endirey was a major confrontation between the Russian Empire and it's allies with the Chechens and Kumyks and found place in a gorge on the Aktash River near Endirey. An army sent led by Brigadier Andrei Veterani was encircled by a combined Chechen–Kumyk force, as a result of which the corps was defeated and forced to retreat. Another detachment under Colonel Naumov broke into Endirey and destroyed it.
The Battle of Chechen-Aul was an ambush conducted by Chechen rebels led by Aidemir Bardykhanov on the retreating Russian army led by Colonel Kokh on the 7th of July, 1732. It resulted in a major Chechen victory, the destruction of the Russian detachment, and the death of Khasbulat Bamatov, the senior Chechen prince. According to popular legends, the battle was the origin of the Chechen ethnonym.
"Sultan" Murat Kuchukov was a Bashkir Islamic preacher and military commander, known for participating in the 1704–1711 Bashkir rebellion and starting the 1708 Insurgency in Chechnya.
He was descendant of Genghis Khan and due to his knowledge on the dogmas of Islam, he earned himself the nickname "Saint of the Mohammedan law".
The Murat Kuchukov Movement, also known as the 1708 Insurgency in Chechnya or the 1708 Insurgency in the North Caucasus, was caused by the oppressive policies of the Russian Empire towards the North Caucasian peoples as well as the teachings and propaganda of the Islamic preacher and military commander Murat Kuchukov, a Bashkir prince who had previously participated in the Bashkir rebellion of 1704–1711.
The Battle of Terki in 1708 was the successful storming of the Terki fortress by Chechen and other North Caucasian rebels, and the subsequent recapture by Russian and Kalmyk forces following a counter-offensive led by Fyodor Apraksin and Ayuka Khan. The leader of the rebel army, Murat Kuchukov, was wounded, captured, and eventually executed.
The Insurgency in Chechnya may refer to:
Chechen-Aul is a rural locality in Argun urban okrug of the Republic of Chechnya, Russia, located on the left bank of the Argun River near Grozny. Until 1 January 2020, the village was part of the Groznensky District as part of the Chechen-Aul rural settlement.
Aidemir Bardykhanov, also known as Aidemir Turlov was a prince from the Turlov dynasty and the Senior Prince of the Chechen principality from 1732 to his death in 1746 and was also a Khan of the Endirey Khanate. He is famous for his role in the Battle of Chechen–Aul, where he led Chechen rebels into victory against Russian troops.
Khasbulat Bamatov, Kazbulat Bammatov or Khasbulat Turlov, was a prince from the Turlov dynasty and the Senior Prince of the Chechen Principality from 1728 to his death during the Battle of Chechen–Aul on July 7, 1732. He was succeeded by his rival, Aidemir Bardykhanov. Khasbulat was known for his pro–Russian administration, unlike his predecessors and successor.
Bashin–Bakha–Aul was a historical village in Chechnya, located in the Southeast of the modern–day Grozny district. It was, according to the Register for Mountain owners (1732), one of the main 9 towns that made up the Turlov Principality, the remaining being: Chechen–Aul, Chakhkeri, Astankul, Aldy, Starye Atagi, Gadzhi–Aul, Syuir–Kort and Khambat–Aul.
Muhammad Turlov, also known as Bammat was a prince of the Turlov dynasty. He ruled the Turlov Principality in the 1690s. Muhammad's son, Khasbulat Bamatov, would become one of the future Senior Princes of the principality. Muhammad may have had a daughter by the name Kiztaman, who was married to Aidemir Bardykhanov, also a future Senior Prince of the Turlov Principality. His father was Alikhan Turlov, who reigned over the Principality in the 1670s. Nothing is known about Muhammad's reign however.
Tururav II Turlov was a prince from the Turlov dynasty and the Senior Prince of the Turlov Principality from approximately the 1680s to 1690s. He was the son of Zagashtuk Turlov while his own son, Amirkhamza Turlov would become one of the future Senior Princes of the Turlov state. He succeeded Bartikhan Turlov as the Senior Prince of the Turlov Principality and was succeeded by Muhammad Turlov. Nothing is known about his reign, however.
The Shatoy, historically referred to as the Shubut, Shibut, or Tshan people, are a Chechen society that is sometimes classified as a Tukkhum.
Kazy Khan was an 18th–century Chechen Qadi from the Shatoy tribe, and, according to some documents, the ruler of the Shatoy Federation. He was also a negotiator and messenger to Nader Shah.
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