Kumyks are a Turkic ethnic group living in Dagestan, Chechnya and North Ossetia. They are the largest Turkic people in the North Caucasus.
The Russo-Crimean Wars were fought between the forces of the Tsardom of Russia and the Crimean Khanate during the 16th century over the region around the Volga River.
The invasion of Russia by Charles XII of Sweden was a campaign undertaken during the Great Northern War between Sweden and the allied states of Russia, Poland, and Denmark. The invasion began with Charles's crossing of the Vistula on 1 January 1708, and effectively ended with the Swedish defeat in the Battle of Poltava on 8 July 1709, though Charles continued to pose a military threat to Russia for several years while under the protection of the Ottoman Turks.
The 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya was an autonomous revolt against the Soviet authorities in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Beginning in early 1940 under Hasan Israilov, it peaked in 1942 during the German invasion of North Caucasus and ended in the beginning of 1944 with the wholesale concentration and deportation of the Vainakh peoples from their native lands as well as from the locations across the USSR, resulting in the death of at least 144,000 civilians. However, scattered resistance in the mountains continued for years.
The Kalmyk Khanate was an Oirat khanate on the Eurasian steppe. It extended over modern Kalmykia and surrounding areas in the North Caucasus, including Stavropol and Astrakhan. During their independence, the Kalmyks both raided and allied with Russia in turn, engaging in numerous military expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, the Ottoman Empire, neighboring Muslim tribes, and the highlanders of the North Caucasus. The Khanate was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1771.
The Chechen–Russian conflict was the centuries-long ethnic and political conflict, often armed, between the Russian, Soviet and Imperial Russian governments and various Chechen forces. The recent phase of the conflict started after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and ended with the oppression of Chechen separatist leaders and crushing of the separatist movement in the republic proper in 2017.
The Bashkir rebellion was one of the first major insurrection of the Bashkirs in the second half of the 17th century.
Terki fortress, Terka, or Terek was a Russian fortress in the Caucasus in the 16-18th centuries. It was originally erected at the mouth of the Sunzha river on the lands of the Tyumen Khanate, it was demolished several times, restored and transferred.
Benoyn Boyshar, also known as Baysangur of Beno or simply Baysangur was a 19th-century North Caucasian commander of Chechen origin. He was one of the naibs (deputies) of Imam Shamil. Baysangur participated in the Caucasian War of 1817–1861.
Aldaman Gheza was a Chechen feudal lord that lived in Cheberloy, Chechnya in the 17th century. He is a prominent figure in the region and Chechen-Ingush folklore, and celebrated as a hero that protected the Chechen borders from foreign invasions. For example, the victory at the Battle of Khachara is attributed to him as he supposedly led the Chechen forces in the battle against Avar Khanate.
Russian–Kumyk wars — a series of military conflicts between the Russian Tsardom and the Kumyk Tarki Shamkhalate and other Kumyk states and feudal possessions during the 16th–18th centuries. At the end of the 18th century, as well as during and after the Caucasian War, and throughout the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, conflicts continued in the form of uprisings in Shamkhalate, Northern Kumykia, Southern Kumykia, and in the form of anti-colonial protests of individual villages (societies). In the result of these wars and uprisings, some Kumyk areas and villages were destroyed several times over.
Aukhs are an ethnographic (subroettic) group of Chechens. Aukhs are currently living in the territories of Novolaksky, Khasavyurtovsky, Babayurtovsky and Kazbekovsky areas of modern central Dagestan, along the rivers Yamansu, Yaryksu, Aktash and Aksai. They speak the Aukh dialect of the Chechen language.
The Battle of Endirey was a major confrontation between the Russian Empire and its allies with the Chechens and Kumyks and took place in a gorge on the Aktash River near Endirey. An army sent led by Brigadier Andrei Veterani was encircled by a combined Chechen–Kumyk force, as a result of which the corps was defeated and forced to retreat. Another detachment under Colonel Naumov broke into Endirey and destroyed it.
The 1722 Insurgency in Chechnya occurred because of the refusal of the Chechens and the Endirey Khanate to swear allegiance to the Russian Empire, due to the oppression of the highlanders by the Tsarist regime, followed by several raids on the Terek fortress by the former, which led to a Russian campaign against the North Caucasians in July and August 1722.
The Bashkir rebellion of 1681–1684 was one of the major Bashkir uprisings of the second half of the 17th century.
"Sultan" Murat Kuchukov was a Bashkir Islamic preacher and military commander, known for participating in the 1704–1711 Bashkir rebellion and starting the 1708 Insurgency in Chechnya.
He was descendant of Genghis Khan and due to his knowledge on the dogmas of Islam, he earned himself the nickname "Saint of the Mohammedan law".
The Murat Kuchukov Movement, also known as the 1708 Insurgency in Chechnya or the 1708 Insurgency in the North Caucasus, was caused by the oppressive policies of Russia towards the North Caucasian peoples as well as the teachings and propaganda of the Islamic preacher and military commander Murat Kuchukov, a Bashkir prince who had previously participated in the Bashkir rebellion of 1704–1711.
Aidemir Bardykhanov, also known as Aidemir Turlov was a prince from the Turlov dynasty and the Senior Prince of the Chechen principality from 1732 to his death in 1746 and was also a Khan of the Endirey Khanate. He is famous for his role in the Battle of Chechen–Aul, where he led Chechen rebels into victory against Russian troops.
The Sheikh Mansur Movement, also known as the 1785–1791 Insurgency in the North Caucasus, was a major war between the Russian Empire and the North Caucasians, caused by the Chechen religious and military leader Sheikh Mansur, who opposed the Russian expansionist policies and wanted to unite the North Caucasians under one, single, Islamic state.
Amirkhamza Turlov, also known as Amiramza or Amir Garze was a prince from the Turlov dynasty who ruled the Turlov Principality until his retirement in 1728. The beginning of his reign is not known, although it must have been before 1707.
Tsardom of Russia 
Kalmyk Khanate 