 | This article does not cite any sources .(March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
Amirtamira (Georgian :ამირთამირა; Arabic : أميرʾamīr) was a mayor or head of the large cities in feudal Georgia, Amirtamira served as provincial governor with military and administrative authority. In the 17th century, the term amirtamira was replaced by Mouravi (town governor). The last amirtamira of Tbilisi was Giorgi Saakadze. Amirtamira was often subordinated to Mechurchletukhutsesi (Finance Minister).
Georgian is a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians. It is the official language of Georgia. Georgian is written in its own writing system, the Georgian script. Georgian is the literary language for all regional subgroups of Georgians, including those who speak other Kartvelian languages: Svans, Mingrelians and the Laz.
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town.
Georgian feudalism, or patronqmoba, as the system of personal dependence or vassalage in ancient and medieval Georgia is referred to, arose from a tribal-dynastic organization of society upon which was imposed, by royal authority, an official hierarchy of regional governors, local officials and subordinates. It is thought to have its roots into the ancient Georgian, or Iberian, society of Hellenistic period.
Contents
The "Amira" is Arabic term meaning "prince". The position was introduced to Georgia after the initial Arab conquests in the 8th century when Abbasid caliphs appointed emirs of Tbilisi. The ascendancy of emirs ended in 1122 when King David IV seized the city following his decisive victory at Didgori. Thereafter, the amirs became subordinated to the Georgian crown; known as amirtamira, they were appointed to rule large towns.
Arabical-ʻarabiyyah[alʕaraˈbijːa](
A prince is a male ruler ranked below a king and above a duke or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. Prince is also a title of nobility, often hereditary, in some European states. The feminine equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word prince, from the Latin noun princeps, from primus (first) and capio, meaning "the chief, most distinguished, ruler, prince".
The Kingdom of Georgia, also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy which emerged circa 1008 AD. It reached its Golden Age of political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar the Great from 11th to 13th centuries. Georgia became one of the pre-eminent nations of the Christian East, her pan-Caucasian empire stretching, at its largest extent, from Eastern Europe and the North Caucasus to the northern portion of Iran and Anatolia, while also maintaining religious possessions abroad, such as the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem and the Monastery of Iviron in Greece. It was the principal historical precursor of present-day Georgia.
Unlike the countries of Medieval Europe, where the three elements of political compromise – towns, feudal lords and the church – divided power among themselves and consequently promoted the development of strong centralized nation-states, in Georgia the towns were too weak and were deprived of rights. However social and economic changes in Georgia and the development of feudalism during its Golden Age, encouraged gradual transition of fortress towns to a centre of trade and crafts. The development of handicraft and trade brought about the growth and strengthening of such Georgian cities as Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Dmanisi, Ateni, Gori, Zhinvani, Artanuji, Akhaltsikhe, Samshvilde, Khunani, Khornabuji, Telavi and others.
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.
A nation state is a state in which the great majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. The nation state is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. According to one definition, "a nation state is a sovereign state of which most of its subjects are united also by factors which defined a nation such as language or common descent." It is a more precise concept than "country", since a country does not need to have a predominant ethnic group.
The Georgian Golden Age describes a historical period in the High Middle Ages, spanning from roughly the late 11th to 13th centuries, during which the Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its power and development. In addition to military expansion, this period saw the flourishing of medieval Georgian architecture, painting and poetry, which was frequently expressed in the development of ecclesiastic art, as well as the creation of first major works of secular literature.
One of the few attempts of third estate to gain power can be traced to Qutlu-Arslan, as a Finance Minister, he led a party of third estate who proposed an idea of limiting the royal power by a parliamentary-type legislature which, in the view of Qutlu Arslan and his followers, would be consist of two chambers: Darbazi (Royal Council) or an assembly that would meet occasionally to follow the developments in the kingdom, and Karavi, a legislature in permanent sessions. The dispute between the “party of Karavi” and that of the unlimited royal power concluded with the arrest of Qutlu Arslan. In retaliation, the latter’s supporters rose in rebellion, and marched to the Queen’s palace. Tamar agreed to release the oppositionist leader, but his ideas were never materialised. However some other historians believe that in addition to members of the higher secular and ecclesiastical nobility, the "Darbazi" now included representatives of the merchant-class, such as Abulasan amirtamira of Tbilisi.
The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom from the medieval period to early modern Europe. Different systems for dividing society members into estates developed and evolved over time.
Qutlu Arslan was the 12th-century Georgian politician sometimes referred to as the Georgian Simon de Montfort for his rebellion, in circa 1184, against the unlimited royal power.
Curia regis is a Latin term meaning "royal council" or "king's court". It was the name given to councils of advisors and administrators who served early French kings as well as to those serving Norman and later kings of England.
