Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (f/ALFF) are neuroimaging methods used to measure spontaneous fluctuations in BOLD-fMRI signal intensity for a given region in the resting brain. Electrophysiological studies suggest that low-frequency oscillations arise from spontaneous neuronal activity. Though ALFFs have been researched extensively in fMRI based theoretical models of brain function, their actual significance is still unknown. [1]
Whole-brain ALFF shows greater signal in posterior cingulate, precuneus, and medial prefrontal areas of the default mode network, [2] but also in non-cortical areas near the ventricles, cisterns and large blood vessels. f/ALFF reduces the sensitivity of ALFF to physiological noise by taking the ratio of each frequency (0.01-0.08 Hz) to the total frequency range (0-0.25 Hz). [3] Both measures have been investigated as part of reliable biomarkers[ citation needed ] for many neurological conditions including schizophrenia,[ citation needed ] anorexia nervosa, [4] and ADHD [ citation needed ].
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