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Anders Wirenius (29 April 1850 Saint Peterburg, Imperial Russia - 29 August 1919) was a Finnish-born naval officer in the Imperial Russian Navy and later a politician in the Russified Senate of the Grand Duchy of Finland. Rising to the rank of vice admiral, he occupied leading positions within the Russian naval establishment before assuming senior administrative responsibilities in Finland during the period of intensified Russification.[1][2]
He twice served as Vice Chairman of the Economic Department of the Senate of Finland, first in 1909 and again in 1917, and acted as Chairman of the Senate from 15 to 26 March 1917, immediately prior to the Finnish Declaration of Independence.[1][2]
Early Life and Naval Career
Wirenius’s father Anders Johan Wirenius served as a Finnish trade representative in Saint Petersburg. His mother was Adelaide Catharina Indikov. He entered the Imperial Russian naval cadet school in 1865 and was commissioned as a lieutenant in 1874. Between 1886 and 1901 he commanded several major warships, including the cruisers Afrika and Pamjatj Asova, the squadron battleship Pobeda, and the battleship Orjol.[2][1]
In 1901 Wirenius was appointed head of the Naval Scientific Department of the General Staff, and on 27 April 1902 he was promoted to rear admiral. Subsequent appointments included Assistant to the Chief of the Naval General Staff, Chief of Staff, and Naval Minister. He retired from active service on 2 November 1908 with the rank of vice admiral.[2]
Political Career in Finland
On 10 October 1909, following his naval career, Vice Admiral Wirenius entered the Senate of the Grand Duchy of Finland, which by that time was firmly under Russian control. Initially, he served for a month as acting vice-chairman of the Economic Department until the appointment of Lieutenant General Vladimir Markov. Thereafter, within Markov’s Senate, he headed the Ecclesiastical Affairs Committee between 1909 and 1911, later presiding over the Committee for Trade and Industry from 1911 to 1912. He subsequently resumed leadership of the Ecclesiastical Affairs Committee from 1912 until 1917, during the Senate presided over by Mihail Borovitinov.[2]
Borovitinov, together with the Governor-General Franz Albert Seyn, was arrested during the February Revolution on 16 March 1917. In the aftermath, Wirenius assumed office as acting chairman of the Economic Department, a position he retained until 26 March 1917, when the first parliamentary government of Finland, Oskari Tokoi’s Senate, was appointed.[2]
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