Andricus mukaigawae

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Andricus mukaigawae
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Cynipidae
Genus: Andricus
Species:
A. mukaigawae
Binomial name
Andricus mukaigawae
(Mukaigawa, 1913) [1]

Andricus mukaigawae is a species of gall wasp native to southeastern Asia. It creates galls on the buds and leaves of oak trees. The galls are sometimes used by other gall wasps unable to create galls of their own, with both species sharing the gall.

Contents

Taxonomy

Andricus mukaigawae is part of a species complex with several components. Some populations are classified as A. mukaigawae which is bivoltine (having two generations per year) cyclically parthenogenetic, with a karyotype of (2n = 12), producing entirely female offspring; these wasps form burr-shaped galls on Quercus aliena , Quercus mongolica , Quercus serrata , [2] and Quercus fabrei . [3] Other populations are classified as Andricus kashiwaphilus (2n = 10), also bivoltine and cyclically parthenogenetic, but producing flower-shaped galls on Quercus dentata , again producing entirely female offspring. There are also univoltine populations with one generation per year with thelytokous parthenogenesis in which females are produced from unfertilized eggs; these have historically been classified as Andricus targionii , but some of them form burr-shaped galls on Q. aliena while others form flower-shaped galls on Q. dentata, so A. targionii would appear to be polyphyletic. [2]

Distribution

Andricus mukaigawae has a wide distribution in southeastern Asia and is found in India, Japan, Korea and Russia. [3]

Ecology

The burr-shaped galls of Andricus mukaigawae are modified live plant structures. They normally contain a single cell in which the gall wasp larva develops as it feeds on the tissues surrounding it. However many of the galls are also inhabited by the larvae of inquiline wasp species, Synergus japonicus , which is entirely dependent on the galls created by A. mukaigawae. The inquiline larvae create their own cells in the living plant tissue. The gall additionally often houses parasitic chalcid wasps, Torymus species, which are parasitoids of both the gall wasps. [3]

The bacterium Wolbachia is an intracellular parasite of many gall wasps, including Andricus mukaigawae and Synergus japonicus. Historically it has been assumed that vertical transmission of Wolbachia occurs, from parent insects to their offspring through the cytoplasm of the eggs; it has now been shown that horizontal transmission can also occur between the different wasp species present in the gall, and genetic recombination events can also occur. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gall wasp</span> Family of wasps

Gall wasps, also traditionally calledgallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of this generally very small creature are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America.

<i>Andricus quercuscalicis</i> Species of wasp

Andricus quercuscalicis is a gall wasp species inducing knopper galls.

<i>Andricus kollari</i> Species of insect

Andricus kollari, also known as the marble gall wasp, is a parthenogenetic species of wasp which causes the formation of marble galls on oak trees. Synonyms for the species include Cynips kollari, Andricus quercusgemmae, A. minor, A. indigenus and A. circulans.

<i>Neuroterus numismalis</i> Species of wasp

Neuroterus numismalis is a gall wasp that forms chemically induced leaf galls on oak trees. It has both bisexual and agamic (parthenogenetic) generations and forms two distinct galls on oak leaves, the silk button gall and blister gall. The galls can be very numerous with more than a thousand per leaf.

<i>Andricus grossulariae</i> Species of wasp

Andricus grossulariae is a gall wasp species inducing agamic acorn cup galls on oak tree acorn cups and sexual phase galls on catkins. Synonyms include Andricus fructuum, Andricus gemellus, Andricus intermedius, Andricus mayri and Cynips panteli.

<i>Andricus dentimitratus</i> Species of wasp

Andricus dentimitratus is a gall forming wasp in the genus Andricus. The adults lay their eggs on various species of oak and the developing larvae causes the trees to create a large ornate gall. The oaks parasitised include Quercus frainetto, Q. petraea, Q. pyrenaica, Q. pubescens and Q. robur. The gall is formed out of the cup of the acorn. In cross-section it resembles a mushroom. It is woody, maroon, shiny and sticky. It grows up to 25 mm high and 20 mm wide. What resembles the head of the mushroom is lobed or toothed in various ways. The insect emerges from the narrowing, between the head and base.

<i>Biorhiza pallida</i> Species of wasp

Biorhiza pallida is a gall wasp species in the family Cynipidae. This species is a member of the tribe Cynipini: the oak gall wasp tribe. Cynipini is the tribe partially responsible for the formation of galls known as oak apples on oak trees. These are formed after the wasp lays eggs inside the leaf buds and the plant tissues swell as the larvae of the gall wasp develop inside. This wasp has a widespread distribution within Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cynipini</span> Tribe of wasps

Cynipini is a tribe of gall wasps. These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps. It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936 to 1000 recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks. The tribe is mainly native to the Holarctic.

<i>Andricus quercuscalifornicus</i> Species of wasp

Andricus quercuscalifornicus, or the California gall wasp, is a small wasp species that induces oak apple galls on white oaks, primarily the valley oak but also other species such as Quercus berberidifolia. The California gall wasp is considered an ecosystem engineer, capable of manipulating the growth of galls for their own development. It is found from Washington, Oregon, and California to northern regions of Mexico. Often multiple wasps in different life stages occupy the same gall. The induced galls help establish complex insect communities, promoting the diversification in niche differentiation. Furthermore, the adaptive value of these galls could be attributed their ecological benefits such as nutrition, provision of microenvironment, and enemy avoidance.

<i>Andricus aries</i> Species of wasp

Andricus aries is a species of gall-forming wasps, in the genus Andricus. The species was named by the French entomologist Joseph-Étienne Giraud, in 1859. It is commonly found in eastern Europe and during the 21st century has spread to western Europe.

<i>Diplolepis mayri</i> Species of wasp

Diplolepis mayri is a gall inducing insect causing galls on wild roses in the Western Palaearctic. Diploleis mayri is less frequent on rose shrubs than D. rosae.

Synergini is a tribe of gall wasps in the subfamily Cynipinae.

<i>Feron kingi</i> Species of wasp

Feron kingi, the red cone gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae.

<i>Andricus dimorphus</i> Species of oak gall wasp

Andricus dimorphus, also called the clustered midrib gall wasp, is a species of oak gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Galls in which the larvae live and feed are formed in clusters along the midrib on the underside of oak leaves.

Synergus japonicus is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Whereas most gall wasps create the galls in which they live, Synergus japonicus is an inquiline species, living in the gall created by another species of wasp. It is native to Japan, China and Russia.

<i>Andricus quercuspetiolicola</i> Species of wasp

Andricus quercuspetiolicola, also called the oak petiole gall wasp, is a species of oak gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Galls in which the larvae live and feed are formed along the midrib or petiole of white oak leaves.

<i>Andricus quercusstrobilanus</i> Species of wasp

Andricus quercusstrobilanus, the lobed oak gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, found in North America. The quercus in its specific name is the genus name for oak, while "strobilus" is derived from the Greek strobilo which means "cone", a reference to the cone shape of the gall; thus the gall is sometimes called pine cone oak gall.

<i>Phylloteras volutellae</i> Species of wasp

Phylloteras volutellae, the conical oak gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp , tribe Cynipini , found in North America.

Druon quercuslanigerum is a species of gall wasp that forms galls on Quercus virginiana, Quercus geminata, Quercus fusiformis, and Quercus oleoides. There are both parthenogenic and sexual generations. The parthenogenic generation forms galls on the leaves whereas the sexual generation forms galls on the catkins. It can be found in the southern United States and Mexico. Predators of this species include the Green parakeet.

Andricus hispanicus is a parthenogenetic species of wasp which causes the formation of marble galls on oak trees. The galls caused by the agamous generation are similar to the closely related Andricus kollari.

References

  1. "Andricus mukaigawae". Invasive Species Compendium. CABI. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  2. 1 2 Abe, Yoshihisa (2007). "Parallelism in secondary loss of sex from a heterogonic life cycle on different host plants in the Andricus mukaigawae complex (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with taxonomic notes". Journal of Natural History. 41 (5–8): 473–480. Bibcode:2007JNatH..41..473A. doi:10.1080/00222930701192122. S2CID   84561925.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Yang, Xiao-Hui; Zhu, Dao-Hong; Liu, Zhiwei; Zhao, Ling; Su, Cheng-Yuan (2013). "High Levels of Multiple Infections, Recombination and Horizontal Transmission of Wolbachia in the Andricus mukaigawae (Hymenoptera; Cynipidae) Communities". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78970. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878970Y. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078970 . PMC   3826730 . PMID   24250820.