Andrzej Tęczyński

Last updated March 09, 2019

Andrzej Tęczyński, (b. 1480 – 2 January 1536) Count (title of the Holy Roman Empire, 1527), was a voivode of Lublin, voivode of Sandomierz, voivode of Kraków, Castellan of Kraków. He came from one of the most powerful clans in Lesser Poland, the Tęczyński family.

Voivode or Vojvoda is an Eastern European title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force. It derives from the word vojevoda, which in early Slavic meant the bellidux, i.e. the military commander of an area, but it usually had a greater meaning. In Byzantine times it referred to mainly military commanders of Slavic populations, especially in the Balkans, first Bulgaria being established as permanent Slavic state in the region. The title voevodas was first used in the work of the 10th-century Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos De Administrando Imperio to identify Hungarian military leaders.

Lublin is the ninth largest city in Poland and the second largest city of Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the center of Lublin Voivodeship (province) with a population of 349,103. Lublin is the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River and is approximately 170 kilometres to the southeast of Warsaw by road.

Sandomierz is a town in south-eastern Poland with 25,714 inhabitants (2006), situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It is the capital of Sandomierz County. Sandomierz is known for its Old Town, which is a major tourist attraction. In the past, Sandomierz used to be one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country.

Career

Poland, Jura, Tenczyn Castle. Tenczyn(js)1.jpg — Poland, Jura, Tenczyn Castle.

1503 - Royal Courtier
1510 - Secretary of the Crown
1510 - Chamberlain of Sandomierz
1511 - Castellan of Biecki
1512 - Referendary of the Crown
1515-1519 - Voivode of Lublin
1519 - Voivode of Sandomierz
1527 - He received from the Emperor Ferdinand I the hereditary title of Count of the Empire for his family. The Habsburgs as the Roman emperors gave some Polish families titles of princes and counts of the Sacri Imperii Romagna for gratitude. Thus, the representatives of these families were called hrabiami Roman Empire.
1527 - Voivode of Kraków
1532 - Castellan of Kraków

A courtier is a person who is often in attendance at the court of a monarch or other royal personage. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically the court was the centre of government as well as the residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.

A chamberlain is a senior royal official in charge of managing a royal household. Historically, the chamberlain superintends the arrangement of domestic affairs and was often also charged with receiving and paying out money kept in the royal chamber. The position was usually honoured upon a high-ranking member of the nobility (nobleman) or the clergy, often a royal favourite. Roman emperors appointed this officer under the title of cubicularius. The papal chamberlain of the Pope enjoys very extensive powers, having the revenues of the papal household under his charge. As a sign of their dignity, they bore a key, which in the seventeenth century was often silvered, and actually fitted the door-locks of chamber rooms, since the eighteenth century it had turned into a merely symbolic, albeit splendid, rank-insignia of gilded bronze. In many countries there are ceremonial posts associated with the household of the sovereign.

Referendary is a number of administrative positions, of various rank, in chanceries and other official organisations in Europe.

In addition to these titles Andrzej Tęczyński held offices as: starosta of Sandomierz, starosta of Belz, starosta Chełmski, starosta of Terebovlya, starosta of Krasnystaw, starosta of Hrubieszów, starosta of Sokal, starosta of Ratno Dolne, starosta of Tyszowce. He was murdered by an angry mob in the Franciscan church in Kraków on 2 January 1536 for having slapped a knave.^[1]^[2]

The title of starost or starosta is a Slavic term that originally referred to the administrator of the assets of a "clan, kindred, extended family". Since the Middle Ages, it has been used for both official and unofficial leadership positions, used in various contexts through most of Slavic history. In this respect, it resembles the word "elder" or "senior". In terms of a city or a municipality, a "starosta" was historically not a mayor as a supreme representative of an elected self-government, but a senior royal administrative official, most likely translated with the outdated title Seneschal, and analogous to a gubernator. In Poland, a starosta would administer a crown land territory or district called a starostwo.

Belz is a small city in Sokal Raion of Lviv Oblast (region) of Western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, is located between the Solokiya river and the Rzeczyca stream. Its population is approximately 2,308 (2017 est.).

Krasnystaw is a town in eastern Poland with 19,750 inhabitants. Situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, previously in Chełm Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the capital of Krasnystaw County.

He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage .

Jan Alojzy Matejko was a Polish painter known for paintings of notable historical Polish political and military events. His works include large oil on canvas paintings like Rejtan (1866), Union of Lublin (1869) or Battle of Grunwald (1878), numerous portraits, a gallery of Polish kings, and murals in St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków. He is referred to as the most famous Polish painter or even the "national painter" of Poland.

The Prussian Homage is an oil on canvas painting by Polish painter Jan Matejko painted between 1879 and 1882 in Kraków. The painting depicts the "Prussian Homage," a significant political event from the time of the Renaissance in Poland in which Albrecht Hohenzollern, the Duke of Prussia paid tribute and swore allegiance to King Sigismund I the Old in Kraków's market square on 10 April 1525. Matejko depicted over thirty important figures of the Polish Renaissance period, taking the liberty of including several who were not actually present at the event.

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Kraków Voivodeship 1300–1795 – a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from the 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795. Located in the southwestern corner of the country, it was part of the Little Poland province.

Tęczyński was a powerful family of nobility (szlachta) in the Kingdom of Poland, during the times of the late Piast dynasty, the Jagiellon dynasty and in the early decades of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. They were an important family from Lesser Poland (Małopolska), active in Polish politics of their time.

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John Gabriel Tęczyński Chamberlain (1515) and voivode of Sandomierz (1543), Castellan (1518) and the governor of Lublin, the Speaker of the court of the Crown (1522), Castellan of Wojnicki (1535), Count of the Holy Roman Empire (1527).

References

↑ Długosz, Jan (1887). Dzieła wszystkie, Volume 6. p. 297.
↑ Mikhail Leonovich Gasparov; Gerald Stanton Smith; Leofranc Holford-Strevens (1996). A history of European versification. Oxford University Press. p. 219. ISBN 0-19-815879-3.

Attribution

This article is based on the corresponding article of the Polish Wikipedia. A list of contributors can be found there at the History section.

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[1] Długosz, Jan (1887). Dzieła wszystkie, Volume 6. p. 297.

[2] Mikhail Leonovich Gasparov; Gerald Stanton Smith; Leofranc Holford-Strevens (1996). A history of European versification. Oxford University Press. p. 219. ISBN 0-19-815879-3.