Anglo-Saxon Charters: an Annotated List and Bibliography

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Anglo Saxon Charters: an Annotated List and Bibliography
Anglo Saxon Charters an annotated list and bibliography.png
Author Peter H. Sawyer
Publisher Royal Historical Society
Publication date
1968
Pages562
Website https://esawyer.lib.cam.ac.uk/about/index.html

Anglo-Saxon Charters: an Annotated List and Bibliography by Peter Sawyer is a list of all known Anglo-Saxon Charters. It was published in 1968 by the Royal Historical Society as volume 8 of their Guides and Handbooks series. It is considered a standard work in the study of Anglo-Saxon England and today most Anglo-Saxon Charters are referred to by their 'Sawyer number', [1] taken from the publication.

Contents

Background and scope

Sawyer's work built on what was originally started by Kemble's Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici expanded by Birch's Cartularium Saxonicum. The scope was to list all "the charters granting land or secular rights over land that purport to have been issued in England before the Norman Conquest". Sawyer's use of the term 'charter' was meant in the broadest sense, including a wide variety of texts including writs, wills, records of disputes and miscellaneous memoranda, as well as landbooks and leases.

In total, some 1875 documents appear in the published list, [2] compared to 1369 in the Codex Diplomaticus [3] and 1354 in the Cartularium Saxonicum. [4] For each charter there is a brief description of its content, a list of the surviving manuscripts (up to the year 1800), an estimate of the date of their scripts, references to all printed editions, translations and facsimiles, and a bibliography of all significant discussions of the charter, together with a brief indication of the gist of the views of most of the cited authors. [5]

Sawyer's Annotated List is currently kept up to date as an active website project: The Electronic Sawyer. It has revised and expanded the scope of the original work, including updating its bibliography to works published post-1968. [6] [7]

Content

Sawyer's work is mainly organized chronologically and subdivided by reigning monarch. The first 1163 are royal writs and diplomas, followed by non-royal charter by the laity, bishops and other ecclesiastics; and finally by miscellaneous texts, wills and boundary descriptions. [8]

Royal diplomas and writs
S 1–41 Kings of Kent
S 42–50 Kings of Sussex
S 51–63 Rulers of the Hwicce
S 64–65 Kings of Essex
S 66 King of Northumbria
S 67–226 Rulers of Mercia (to Æthelflæd)
S 227–357 Kings of Wessex (to Alfred)
S 358–385 Edward the Elder (899–924)
S 386–458 Æthelstan (924–39)
S 459–515 Edmund (939–46)
S 516–580 Eadred (946–55)
S 581–666 Eadwig (955–9)
S 667–827 Edgar (959–75)
S 828–832 Edward the Martyr (975–8)
S 833–946 Æthelred II (978–1016) [S 945–6 are writs]
S 947–948 Edmund Ironside (1016)
S 949–992 Cnut (1016–35) [S 985–92 are writs]
S 993–997 Harthacnut (1035–7, 1040–2) [S 996–7 are writs]
S 998–1162 Edward the Confessor (1042–1066) [S 1063–1162 are writs]
S 1163 Harold (1066) [a writ]
Non-royal (private) charters
S 1164–1243Grants by the laity
S 1244–1409Grants by bishops
S 1410–1428Grants by other ecclesiastics
S 1429–1481Miscellaneous texts (memoranda, records of disputes, etc.)
Wills and bequests
S 1482–1539
Boundary clauses
S 1540–1602
Lost and incomplete texts
S 1603–1875

Reception

Sawyer's Annotated List has become a standard work in the study of Anglo-Saxon Charters, with most modern works referring to charters by their 'Sawyer number'. [1] Nicholas Brooks described it as "an invaluable work of reference" in 1974, stating: [5]

"Properly used as a guide to the original sources and to the secondary literature, and not as an alternative to them, the Bibliography saves many hours of misguided searching in libraries and is a constant stimulus to effective research."

French archivist and historian, Claude Fagnen, described the listing of 1875 documents as "simply remarkable" but criticized its lack of scope, print formatting and difficult concordance tables; ultimately praising it as a "magnifique apport". [9]

Bibliography

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Snook, Ben (2015). The Anglo-Saxon Chancery: The History, Language and Production of Anglo-Saxon Charters from Alfred to Edgar. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 22. ISBN   978-1-78327-006-4. any diplomaticist pays a silent tribute every time he refers to a diploma by its S-number
  2. ↑ Fagnen, Claude (1970). "P. H. Sawyer. Anglo-Saxon charters. An annotated list and bibliography. Londres, Royal Historical Society, 1968. (Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, vol. 8.)". Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes. 128 (2): 438.
  3. ↑ Walter de Gray Birch (1885). Cartularium saxonicum: a collection of charters relating to Anglo-Saxon history (in Latin). Harvard University. Whiting. pp. xiii.
  4. ↑ Walter de Gray Birch (1893). Cartularium saxonicum: a collection of charters relating to Anglo-Saxon history (in Latin). Harvard University. Whiting. pp. xxviii.
  5. 1 2 Brooks, Nicholas (December 1974). "Anglo-Saxon charters: the work of the last twenty years". Anglo-Saxon England. 3: 213. doi:10.1017/S0263675100000697. ISSN   1474-0532.
  6. ↑ Whitelock, Dorothy (2011). Anglo-Saxon wills. Internet Archive. Cambridge University Press. pp. v–vi. ISBN   978-0-404-56689-0.
  7. ↑ "Electronic Sawyer: About the Electronic Sawyer". esawyer.lib.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2026-01-04.
  8. ↑ Sawyer, P. H. (1968). Anglo-saxon charters : an annotated list and bibliography. Internet Archive. London, Royal Historical Society.
  9. ↑ Fagnen, Claude (1970). "P. H. Sawyer. Anglo-Saxon charters. An annotated list and bibliography. Londres, Royal Historical Society, 1968. (Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, vol. 8.)". Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes. 128 (2): 436–439.
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