Ann Faraday | |
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Academic background | |
Alma mater | University College London (BS, PhD) |
Thesis | Factors Affecting the Experimental Recall of Dreams (1969) |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Psychologist |
Sub-discipline | Dream analysis |
Notable works | Dream Power (1972) |
Ann Faraday is a British psychologist,who conducted an experimental study of dreams for her PhD thesis at University College London. [1] After several years in experimental dream research,she then trained in hypnotherapy,Freudian and Jungian analysis and Gestalt therapy. She was a pioneer of the Human Potential Movement and the Association for Humanistic Psychology in Great Britain.
She is considered a pioneer of the empirical evaluation of the content of dreams. She is the author of two books about dream interpretation:the bestseller [2] Dream Power , [3] and The Dream Game . [4] The Dream Game devotes a chapter to puns in dreams,including verbal puns,reversal puns,visual puns,puns involving proper names,puns involving literal pictures of colloquial or slang metaphors,and puns involving literal picture of common body language. [5] From the 1970s,Faraday appeared on many radio shows and workshops for the purpose of recording and interpreting of dreams.
According to the Encyclopedia of Psychology,"writers and psychologists,such as Ann Faraday,helped to take dream analysis out of the therapy room and popularize it by offering techniques anyone could use to analyze his or her own dreams". [6] In addition,Faraday wrote for the Association for the Study of Dreams newsletter. Her books indicate that she also tried yoga and Zen-like activities,which were popular during that time period. Faraday believed that by placing too little importance on dreams,our society contributes to the poor recall of dreams,which most people immediately forget upon awakening.
From the 1970s,she and her partner John Wren-Lewis (1923–2006) travelled extensively,particularly within United States,Malaysia and Thailand,before settling permanently[ when? ] in Sydney,Australia.[ citation needed ] She also had a daughter,Fiona. [7]
Hypnosis is a human condition involving focused attention,reduced peripheral awareness,and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans,both conscious and unconscious phenomena,and mental processes such as thoughts,feelings,and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope,crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences. Biological psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains,linking the discipline to neuroscience. As social scientists,psychologists aim to understand the behavior of individuals and groups.
A dream is a succession of images,ideas,emotions,and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. Humans spend about two hours dreaming per night,and each dream lasts around 5–20 minutes,although the dreamer may perceive the dream as being much longer than this.
Dream interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to dreams.
Psychology is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of human mental functions and behavior. Occasionally,in addition or opposition to employing the scientific method,it also relies on symbolic interpretation and critical analysis,although these traditions have tended to be less pronounced than in other social sciences,such as sociology. Psychologists study phenomena such as perception,cognition,emotion,personality,behavior,and interpersonal relationships. Some,especially depth psychologists,also study the unconscious mind.
A dream diary is a diary in which dream experiences are recorded. A dream diary might include a record of nightly dreams,personal reflections and waking dream experiences. It is often used in the study of dreams and psychology. Dream diaries are also used by some people as a way to help induce lucid dreams,and are regarded as a useful tool in improving dream recall. The use of a dream diary was recommended by Ann Faraday in The Dream Game as an aid to memory and a way to preserve details,many of which are otherwise rapidly forgotten no matter how memorable the dream originally seemed. Keeping a dream diary conditions a person to view remembering dreams as important. Dreams can be recorded in a paper diary or via an audio recording device. Many websites offer the ability to create a digital dream diary.
Carolyn Wood Sherif (1922–1982) was an American social psychologist who helped to develop social judgment theory and contributed pioneering research in the areas of the self-system,group conflict,cooperation,and gender identity. She also assumed a leading role in psychology both nationally as well as internationally. In addition to performing seminal social psychology research,Wood Sherif devoted herself to teaching her students and was recognized for her efforts with an American Psychological Association award named in her honor that is presented annually.
Embodied imagination is a therapeutic and creative form of working with dreams and memories pioneered by Dutch Jungian psychoanalyst Robert Bosnak and based on principles first developed by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung,especially in his work on alchemy,and on the work of American archetypal psychologist James Hillman,who focused on soul as a simultaneous multiplicity of autonomous states.
Dame Uta Frith is a German-British developmental psychologist and emeritus professor in cognitive development at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London (UCL). She pioneered much of the current research into autism and dyslexia. Her book Autism:Explaining the Enigma introduced the cognitive neuroscience of autism. She is credited with creating the Sally–Anne test along with fellow scientists Alan Leslie and Simon Baron-Cohen. Among students she has mentored are Tony Attwood,Maggie Snowling,Simon Baron-Cohen and Francesca Happé.
Psychoanalytic dream interpretation is a subdivision of dream interpretation as well as a subdivision of psychoanalysis pioneered by Sigmund Freud in the early 20th century. Psychoanalytic dream interpretation is the process of explaining the meaning of the way the unconscious thoughts and emotions are processed in the mind during sleep.
In psychology,a false memory is a phenomenon where someone recalls something that did not actually happen or recalls it differently from the way it actually happened. Suggestibility,activation of associated information,the incorporation of misinformation,and source misattribution have been suggested to be several mechanisms underlying a variety of types of false memory.
Wynn R. Schwartz is an American clinical and experimental psychologist,research psychoanalyst,best known for his work on the Person Concept and his contributions to Descriptive psychology.
Wish fulfillment is the satisfaction of a desire through an involuntary thought process. It can occur in dreams or in daydreams,in the symptoms of neurosis,or in the hallucinations of psychosis. This satisfaction is often indirect and requires interpretation to recognize.
John Wren-Lewis was a British-born scientist who taught at universities in Great Britain and the United States of America. He became known for his publications ranging over the fields of science,psychology,education and religion. He played a leading part in the so-called "Death of God" movement in Britain. Bishop John Robinson cites him as a key influence in the writing of 'Honest to God' in 1963. Wren-Lweis' 'conversion' to a rational/humanist Anglicanism is described in a collection called 'They Became Anglicans' (1959). In later life,after a traumatic near-death experience in Thailand in 1983,he wrote and taught about the meaning of mysticism and a broad spectrum of spiritual teachings.
May Smith OBE was a British Industrial psychologist from Hulme,Manchester. She received a bachelor's degree in 1903 and later received a Doctor of Science degree in 1930. Throughout her career,she taught at colleges as well as performing important research in the field of industrial psychology. She subjected herself to her own trials in her research on fatigue. She worked alongside other researchers to find the effects of alcohol and opium on efficiency as well as research on telegraphist's cramp. She was an investigator at the Industrial Health Research Board from 1920 to 1944. She held several positions on the executive of the British Psychological Society.
June Etta Downey was an American psychologist who studied personality and handwriting. Downey was born and raised in Laramie,Wyoming,where she received her degree in Greek and Latin from the University of Wyoming. Throughout her life Downey wrote seven books and over seventy articles. Included in this work,Downey developed the Individual Will-Temperament Test,which was one of the first tests to evaluate character traits separately from intellectual capacity and the first to use psychographic methods for interpretation.
Mary Henle was an American psychologist who's known most notably for her contributions to Gestalt Psychology and for her involvement in the American Psychological Association. Henle also taught at the New School of Social Research in New York;she was involved in the writing of eight book publications and also helped develop the first psychology laboratory manual in 1948 based on the famous works of Kurt Lewin.
Mark Blagrove is a British research psychologist who specializes in the study of sleep and dreams.
E. Kitch Childs was an American clinical psychologist and a lesbian activist known for her participation in the women's liberation movement in North America and for advocating for minority women,prostitutes,gays and lesbians. She was a founding member of the University of Chicago's Gay Liberation and the first African American woman to earn her doctorate degree in Human Development at the University of Chicago.
Helen Block Lewis was an American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Her work pioneered the study of the differences between guilt and shame. She founded the journal Psychoanalytic Psychology,taught at universities,was the psychoanalysis division president of the American Psychological Association,and wrote several books. Her books include Shame and Guilt in Neurosis,Psychic War in Men and Women,Freud and Modern Psychology volume 1 and 2,Sex and the Superego,and The Role of Shame in Symptom Formation.
When pressed regarding their interpretation I refer students to a bestselling book by the English psychologist and sleep researcher Ann Faraday (Dream power. New York: Berkley Medallion, 1973).
Sometime in 1980, John Wren-Lewis, my daughter Fiona and I found ourselves on a crowded Indian bus, sitting next to a young Western woman dressed from top to toe in white, who seemed oblivious to the heat, noise and smells around us.