Jean-Pierre Raffarin is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 6 May 2002 to 31 May 2005.
The Rally for the Republic,was a Gaullist and conservative political party in France. Originating from the Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR),it was founded by Jacques Chirac in 1976 and presented itself as the heir of Gaullist politics. On 21 September 2002,the RPR was merged into the Union for the Presidential Majority,later renamed the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).
The Union for a Popular Movement was a centre-right political party in France that was one of the two major contemporary political parties in France along with the centre-left Socialist Party (PS). The UMP was formed in 2002 as a merger of several centre-right parties under the leadership of President Jacques Chirac. In May 2015,the party was renamed and succeeded by The Republicans.
The Union for French Democracy was a centre to centre-right political party in France. It was founded in 1978 as an electoral alliance to support President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in order to counterbalance the Gaullist preponderance over the political right in France. This name was chosen due to the title of Giscard d'Estaing's 1976 book,Démocratie française. The party brought together Christian democrats,liberals and radicals,and non-Gaullist conservatives,and described itself as centrist.
The Republican,Radical and Radical-Socialist Party is a liberal and formerly social-liberal political party in France. It is also often referred to simply as the Radical Party,or to prevent confusion with other French Radical parties as the Parti radical valoisien,abbreviated to Rad,PR,PRV,or historically PRRRS.
In France,the term Gaullist Party is usually used to refer to the largest party professing to be Gaullist. Gaullism claims to transcend the left–right divide in a similar way to populist republican parties elsewhere such as Fianna Fáil in Republic of Ireland,the Justicialist Party in Argentina and the African National Congress in South Africa.
Alain Marie Juppé is a French politician. A member of The Republicans,he was Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997 under President Jacques Chirac,during which period he faced major strikes that paralysed the country and became very unpopular. He left office after the victory of the left in the snap 1997 legislative elections. He had previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1993 to 1995,and as Minister of the Budget and Spokesman for the Government from 1986 to 1988. He was president of the political party Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) from 2002 to 2004 and mayor of Bordeaux from 1995 to 2004.
Édouard Balladur is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France under François Mitterrand from 29 March 1993 to 17 May 1995. He unsuccessfully ran for president in the 1995 French presidential election,coming in third place.
François RenéJean Lucien Bayrou is a French politician who has presided over the Democratic Movement (MoDem) since he founded it in 2007. A centrist,he was a candidate in the 2002,2007 and 2012 presidential elections. He has also presided over the European Democratic Party (EDP) since 2004.
Marielle de Sarnez was a French politician who served as Secretary of State for European Affairs under Prime Minister Édouard Philippe.
Michèle Yvette Marie-Thérèse Jeanne Honorine Alliot-Marie,known in France as MAM,is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from France. She is a member of the Republicans,part of the European People's Party. A member of all right-wing governments formed in the 1980s,1990s and 2000s,she was the first woman in France to hold the portfolios of Defense (2002–2007),the Interior (2007–2009) and Foreign Affairs (2010–2011);she has also been in charge of Youth and Sports (1993–1995) and Justice (2009–2010),and was granted the honorary rank of Minister of State in her last two offices.
The French legislative elections took place on 16 March 1986 to elect the eighth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. Contrary to other legislative elections of the Fifth Republic,the electoral system used was that of party-list proportional representation.
On 12 June 1994 the fourth direct elections to the European Parliament were held in the France. Six lists were able to win seats:an alliance of the centre-right Union for French Democracy and the Gaullist Rally for the Republic,the Socialist Party,the Left Radical Party,the French Communist Party,the National Front and Philippe de Villiers' eurosceptic right-wing dissident UDF list,which formed the Majoritépour l'autre Europe. 53.5% of the French population turned out on election day,actually an improvement on the last election in 1989. The Greens,who were weakened by an Ecology Generation list led by Brice Lalonde and also suffering from internal divisions between the party's left and the right,lost all 9 seats won in 1989. Arlette Laguiller's Trotskyst Workers' Struggle (2.27%),Jean-Pierre Chevènement's left-wing eurosceptic Citizens' Movement (2.54%),the L'Europe commence àSarajevo List (1.57%) and the agrarian populist Hunting,Fishing,Nature,Traditions (3.96%) were among the notable lists which did not pass the 5% threshold.
On 13 June 1999 the fifth direct elections to the European Parliament were held in the France. Once again,abstention was very high for this type of election- only 47% of eligible voters voted. The election was also the first French European election to be won by the Socialist Party (PS).
The Centrists,formerly known as New Centre and European Social Liberal Party,is a centre-right political party in France formed by the members of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) –including 18 of the 29 members of the UDF in the National Assembly) –who did not agree with François Bayrou's decision to found the Democratic Movement (MoDem) and wanted to support the newly elected president Nicolas Sarkozy,continuing the UDF-Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) alliance.
A referendum on the Maastricht Treaty was held in France on 20 September 1992. It was approved by only 51% of the voters. The result of the referendum,known as the "petit oui",along with the Danish "No" vote are considered to be signals of the end of the "permissive consensus" on European integration which had existed in most of continental Europe until then. From this point forward issues relating to European integration were subject to much greater scrutiny across much of Europe,and overt euroscepticism gained prominence. Only France,Ireland and Denmark held referendums on Maastricht ratification.
Regional elections were held in France on 15 March 1998. At stake were the presidencies of each of France's 26 regions,which,though they don't have legislative autonomy,manage sizeable budgets.
Jean-RenéLecerf is a French politician and a former member of the Senate of France. He represented the Nord department and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement Party until 2015.
Bérengère Poletti is a French politician who served as a member of the National Assembly of France from 2002 to 2022,representing the 1st constituency of the Ardennes département,and is a member of the Republicans.
Paulette Louise Fernande Mireille Brisepierre was a French politician and Moroccan Businessperson. She was a member for Rally for the Republic and the Union for a Popular Movement.
