Anne (1799 ship)

Last updated

History
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Spain
NameNostra Senora da Luzet Santa Anna
Launched1790s
Captured1799
British-Red-Ensign-1707.svgGreat Britain
NameAnne or Ann
OwnerPrincep and Saunders
Acquired1799 by purchase of a prize
General characteristics
Tons burthen384, [1] or 400 [2] (bm)
Complement42
Armament
  • 1799: 2 × 6-pounder + 8 × 4-pounder guns [2]
  • Later: 12 guns

Anne, also known as Ann, was an 18th-century Spanish sailing ship that the British had captured in 1799. The British Navy Board engaged her to transport convicts from Cork in Ireland to the penal colony of New South Wales in Australia for one voyage from 1800 to 1801. During this voyage she was possibly present, although she did not participate, in a notable action against a squadron of three French frigates. She then made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC).

Contents

Origins

Anne was Spanish-built in the 1790s., She was originally named Nostra Senora da Luzet Santa Anna, or Luz St Anne or Luz St Anna. [1] [3] The armed transports Dover and Cecilia captured Nostra Senora da Luzet Santa Anna in 1799, during the French Revolutionary Wars. [4] The Admiralty then sold her. [1]

She appears in Lloyd's Register for 1799 as Lucy St Anna, with Whitford, master, Barnett, owner, and trade London–Botany Bay. [2]

Voyage to Australia

On 9 April 1799, the Navy Board engaged the renamed Anne and licensed her in London for a single voyage transporting convicts. Her master was James Stewart. [1] For security she was provided with 12 ship's guns and manned by a crew of 42, including additional seamen to act as guards. The British War Office declined a request for a detachment of Marines, citing the burden created by the ongoing war with France. [1]

Under the command of James Stewart, on 26 June 1800 Anne sailed from Cork carrying 147 male and 24 female convicts. [5]

A little over a month later, on 29 July, Stewart and Anne's crew suppressed a mutiny. In the affray one convict was killed and some others were wounded. After consulting with his officers, Stewart had the ringleader of the uprising, a United Irishman Marcus Sheehy, from Limerick shot. He was the only convict ever to have been executed at sea by firing squad. [6] [lower-alpha 1] Another man was subjected to 250 lashes.Later, a Vice-Admiralty Court would try Stewart and the Chief Mate, and honourably acquit them. [7]

Anne was one of the vessels in the convoy at the action on 4 August when HMS Belliqueux and the East Indiaman Exeter captured the French frigates Concorde and Médée. A squadron of three French frigates had attacked the convoy of East Indiamen that Anne was accompanying, only to suffer an embarrassing defeat. [8]

Anne arrived at Rio de Janeiro on 22 August. [7] Lloyd's List reported in January 1801 that the Botany Bay ship Ann had been at Rio de Janeiro, having sailed in company with several ships of the East India Company. [9]

From Rio Anne sailed to the Cape of Good Hope. At Cape Town she embarked eight more sailors and soldiers. [7]

Anne arrived at Port Jackson on 21 February 1801 with 127 male and 24 female convicts. In all, 20 male convicts had died on 240-day voyage. [5] Anne left Port Jackson on 9 July bound for China. [10]

East India Company

Ann[ sic ] made one voyage for the EIC. Under Captain James Stewart's command she was at Calcutta 19 November 1801. On 1 January 1802 she passed Saugor and reached St Helena on 20 April. She arrived at Gravesend on 25 June. [11]

The British Library reports that she made a second voyage for the EIC some years later. [11] However records of British letters of marque show the Ann of the second EIC voyage as a ship of 627 tons (bm). [12] Actually, that vessel appears to be the Ann that transported convicts in 1809-10, and for her return trip carried cargo for the EIC from Calcutta to Britain (1810–11).

Notes

  1. ↑ By one account other ringleaders were hanged. [6]

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Bateson (1959), pp. 158–160.
  2. 1 2 3 Lloyd's Register (1799), Seq.№L.311.
  3. ↑ Bateson (1959), p. 288.
  4. ↑ "No. 15212". The London Gazette . 10 December 1799. p. 1285.
  5. 1 2 Bateson (1959), p. 326.
  6. 1 2 Moore (2010), p. 138.
  7. 1 2 3 Free Settler or Felon? Convict Ship Anne 1801, - accessed 21 March 2015.
  8. ↑ "No. 15328". The London Gazette . 13 January 1801. pp. 68–69.
  9. ↑ Lloyd's List, 16 January 1801, №4117.
  10. ↑ "Arrival of Vessels at Port Jackson, and their Departure". Australian Town and Country Journal, Saturday 3 January 1891, p.16. 3 January 1891. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  11. 1 2 British Library: - Ann (2).
  12. ↑ "Register of Letters of Marque against France 1793-1815". "War of 1812: UK sources for Privateers". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2015. - accessed 11 June 2011.

Related Research Articles

<i>Scarborough</i> (1782 ship)

Scarborough was a double-decked, three-masted, ship-rigged, copper-sheathed, barque that participated in the First Fleet, assigned to transport convicts for the European colonisation of Australia in 1788. Also, the British East India company (EIC) chartered Scarborough to take a cargo of tea back to Britain after her two voyages transporting convicts. She spent much of her career as a West Indiaman, trading between London and the West Indies, but did perform a third voyage in 1801–02 to Bengal for the EIC. In January 1805 she repelled a French privateer of superior force in a single-ship action, before foundering in April.

<i>Surprize</i> (1780 ship)

Surprize was a three-deck merchant vessel launched in 1780 that made five voyages as a packet ship under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). The fourth of which was subsequent to her participating in the notorious Second Fleet transporting convicts to Port Jackson (EIC). Her fifth voyage for the EIC was subsequent to her second voyage transporting convicts to Australia. In 1799 a French frigate captured her in the Bay of Bengal.

The ship that became Mary Ann was built in 1772 in France and the British captured her c. 1778. Her name may have been Ariadne until 1786 when she started to engage in whaling. Next, as Mary Ann, she made one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales from England. In 1794 the French captured her, but by 1797 she was back in her owners' hands. She then made a slave trading voyage. Next, she became a West Indiaman, trading between London or Liverpool to Demerara. It was on one of those voyages in November 1801 that a French privateer captured her.

Atlantic was launched in 1783. She made one voyage from England to Australia in 1791 carrying convicts. Later, she made one voyage for the East India Company (EIC). Subsequently she sailed to Smyrna, Surinam, and Gibraltar, before she disappeared from records in 1810.

Royal Admiral was an East Indiaman, launched in 1777 on the River Thames. She made eight trips for the East India Company (EIC) before she was sold. She then continued to trade. She made two trips carrying convicts from England to Australia, one as an East Indiaman in 1791, and a second in 1800. On this second voyage as a convict transport she was present at a notable naval action.

Minerva was a merchantman launched in 1773 in the East Indies. She traded there for more than 20 years before she made three voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). The first EIC voyage was from 1796 to 1798. In 1799 she transported convicts from Ireland to Australia while under charter to the EIC. From Australia she sailed to Bengal, and then back to Britain. She underwent repairs in 1802 and then traveled to St Helena and Bengal for the EIC. She was lost in 1805 or 1806 under circumstances that are currently unclear.

Friendship was a three-decker merchantman, launched in 1793. She made three voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). During her first voyage, in 1796, a French privateer captured her, but the Royal Navy recaptured her. On the second, in 1799, she transported convicts from Ireland to Australia. She made a second voyage transporting convicts in 1817-18. On her way back she was broken up in 1819 at Mauritius after having been found unseaworthy.

Atlas was built in Souths Shields by Temple and launched in 1801 for Temple. She made two voyages transporting convicts from Ireland or England to Port Jackson. On the first voyage she carried cargo for the British East India Company (EIC). On the second she sailed to Bengal after delivering her convicts to New South Wales and was wrecked off India in 1820 while on her way back to Britain.

Canada was a merchant ship launched at Shields in 1800. She made five trips transporting convicts to Australia. On two of those trips she was also under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). When she was not transporting convicts Canada traded with the West Indies, and with Canada until c.1832.

Perseus was a sailing ship built in 1799 at Stockton-on-Tees, England. She made one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales, returning to England via Canton. In 1803-1804 she served as an "armed defense ship". Thereafter she served as a transport. She is last listed in 1844.

Minorca was a merchant ship launched in 1799 at Newcastle upon Tyne, England. She made one voyage in 1801 transporting convicts to New South Wales. For her return voyage to Britain she was under contract to the British East India Company (EIC).

Experiment was launched in 1798 at Stockton-on-Tees, England. Between late 1800 and 1802 she made a voyage to India for the British East India Company (EIC). In 1803 she transported convicts to Port Jackson. In 1805, on her way home the French captured her, but the British recaptured her. In 1808 she became a West Indiaman. Still, in 1818 or so she sailed out to India. Experiment was condemned at Batavia in 1818 and sold there in 1819 for breaking up.

Earl Spencer was an East Indiaman, launched in 1795 for the British East India Company (EIC). She made seven voyages for the EIC until in 1811-12 the government took her up to transport convicts to Australia in 1813. On her return voyage from Australia she sailed via China, where she carried a cargo back to England for the EIC.

Indefatigable was a square-rigged, three-decked, three-masted merchant ship launched in 1799 at Whitby for James Atty & Co. for the West Indies trade. In 1804 she served as an armed defense ship and recaptured a merchantman that a privateer had captured. She was a transport in the 1805–1806 British invasion of the Dutch Cape colony. She twice transported convicts to Australia; on the first trip she was chartered to the British East India Company (EIC). She burned to the waterline in 1815.

Northampton, was a three-decker merchant ship launched in 1801 upon the River Thames, England. She made eight voyages to India as an extra (chartered) ship for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1801 and 1819. During the same period she made one separate trip transporting convicts from Britain to New South Wales, followed by a voyage for the EIC from China back to England. In 1820 she carried settlers to South Africa. She is last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1822.

Ann was built in Batavia in 1797. How she came into British hands is currently unclear. She first appeared in a register in 1802, and thereafter made a voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). In 1809 she made a voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales for the British government. On her return voyage she carried cargo for the EIC from Calcutta to London. She then became a West Indiaman, trading between London and Jamaica. Later she traded with Australia and India, and is last listed c.1865.

Susan was launched at Calcutta in 1813. She initially traded in the East Indies as a country ship, and with Britain under license from the British East India Company (EIC). Between 1829 and 1831 she made two voyages for the EIC. Then between 1834 and 1836 she made four voyages transporting convicts, two to New South Wales, and two to Tasmania. She foundered in 1846 as she was sailing between London and the Cape of Good Hope.

Cornwall was launched in 1794 as a West Indiaman. In a little more than three years later she had left on the first of three whaling voyages to the Southern Whale Fishery. On her first whaling voyage she captured a Spanish ship and fought off a French privateer. After her third whaling voyage Cornwall returned to the West Indies trade. Around 1817 new owners sent her to India where a Parsi merchant purchased her. She traded in the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean, and also participated as a transport in a naval expedition to the Persian Gulf. She was last listed in 1824.

Woodman was launched at Gainsborough in 1808. She traded with northern Spain and then became a West Indiaman, and later a government transport. From 1816 on she made several voyages to India and South East Asia, sailing under a licence from the British East India Company (EIC). She also made two voyages transporting convicts, one to New South Wales (NSW) in 1823 and one to Van Diemen's Land in 1825. She was lost in 1836.

Mary Ann was launched at Batavia in 1807. In 1815-1816 she transported convicts from London to Port Jackson. She then started trading with India under a licence from the British East India Company (EIC). She made a second voyage transporting convicts, carrying some to Tasmania and some on to Port Jackson. After this voyage Mary Ann returned to being an East Indiaman. She was last listed in 1830.

References

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.