Annie Dookhan

Last updated
Annie Dookhan
Born
Annie Sadiyya Khan

1977 (age 46–47)
San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago
Education University of Massachusetts Boston (BS)
OccupationChemist (former)
Criminal statusOn parole
SpouseSurrendranath Dookhan (m. 2004)
Conviction(s) November 22, 2013 (pleaded guilty)
Criminal charge Obstruction of justice, tampering with evidence, perjury, falsification of academic records
PenaltyThree to five years in prison, two years' probation

Annie Dookhan (born 1977) is an American convicted felon who formerly worked as a chemist at the Massachusetts Department of Public Health Drug Abuse lab [1] and admitted to falsifying evidence affecting up to 34,000 cases. [2]

Contents

Early life and education

Annie Dookhan was born Annie Sadiyya Khan into an Indo-Trinidadian family in San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago in 1977. [3] She moved to the United States when she was a child and eventually became a citizen. [4]

Dookhan attended Regis College for two years before earning a Bachelor of Science degree in biochemistry from the University of Massachusetts Boston in 2001. In 2010, a coworker found that Dookhan was claiming on her resume that she had earned a master's degree from the University of Massachusetts. [5] During her time working at the Hinton State Laboratory Institute, Dookhan also claimed to be attending night classes as part of a PhD program at Harvard University. [6]

Career

In 2003, Dookhan was hired as a chemist at the Hinton State Laboratory Institute in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston. [7]

Evidence falsification

In June 2011, an evidence officer at the lab discovered that Dookhan had tested 95 samples without properly signing them out. Further investigation revealed that she had forged the initials of an evidence officer in her log book, and she was suspended from lab duties. [8] However, she was still allowed to continue testifying in court until February 2012, when district attorneys throughout the Boston area were notified of the breach in protocol and Dookhan was placed on administrative leave. She resigned in March 2012. [7]

During Dookhan's time at the Hinton lab, it had been run by the Massachusetts Department of Health's Office of Human Services. However, in a cost-cutting move, the Massachusetts General Court transferred control of the lab to the Massachusetts State Police forensics unit in 2011. The state police mounted a probe into the Dookhan case. [7] The probe revealed that Dookhan's superiors had ignored red flags surrounding her before 2011. For instance, she reportedly tested over 500 samples per month—five times the normal average—even though her supervisors and colleagues claimed to have never seen her in front of a microscope, and that she frequently misidentified samples. [9] Additionally, Dookhan's productivity remained steady after the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts that chemists who perform drug tests in criminal cases can be subpoenaed to testify in person. According to an independent data analysis by WBUR, Dookhan's turnaround time for tests actually dropped from 2009 to 2011. [10] The problem was severe enough that Governor Deval Patrick ordered the lab shut down. [11]

In August, police interviewed Dookhan at her home in Franklin, where she admitted to altering and faking test results in order to cover up her frequent "dry labbing", or visually identifying samples without actually testing them. She even went as far as to add cocaine to samples in which no cocaine was present. [8] She said she had been dry-labbing for as long as three years. At one point, she broke down, saying, "I messed up, I messed up bad. I don't want the lab to get in trouble." [12]

Charges

On September 28, 2012, Dookhan was arrested and charged with obstruction of justice and falsification of academic records. The latter charge came because she had claimed both on her resume and in sworn testimony to have had a master's degree in chemistry from the University of Massachusetts Boston. However, school officials revealed that Dookhan had no such degree, and had never taken master's level classes there. [13]

On December 17, Dookhan was formally arraigned on 27 charges—17 counts of obstruction of justice, eight counts of tampering with evidence and one count each of perjury and falsification of records. Prosecutors alleged that whenever a second test failed to confirm the initial results, Dookhan would tamper with the vials to make them consistent with the inaccurate results obtained by her dry labbing. She was also charged with falsely certifying results that she knew to be compromised; these certifications were admitted as evidence in court. [14]

Imprisonment

On November 22, 2013, Dookhan was sentenced to three to five years of imprisonment and two years of probation by Judge Carol S. Ball in Suffolk Superior Court, after pleading guilty to crimes relating to falsifying drug tests. [1] [15] [16] This was greater than the one-year sentence her defense requested, but less than the five to seven-year sentence requested by the prosecution. [15] [16] However, Ball said that upward departure was merited due to the ramifications of Dookhan's misconduct. Ball wrote, "Innocent persons were incarcerated, guilty persons have been released to further endanger the public, millions and millions of public dollars are being expended to deal with the chaos Ms. Dookhan created, and the integrity of the criminal justice system has been shaken to the core." [16]

Dookhan, Massachusetts Department of Correction inmate F81328, served her sentence at Massachusetts Correctional Institution – Framingham. [17] By April 2016, she had been granted parole and was subsequently released from prison. [18] [19]

Impact

In January 2015, Benjamin Keehn, a prominent defense attorney with the Committee for Public Counsel Services, said that as many as 40,000 people could have been falsely convicted as a result of Dookhan's actions. [20]

In May 2015, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that defendants whose convictions on drug charges were based on evidence potentially tainted by Dookhan could pursue retrials without having to face more charges or tougher sentences. However, they would need a retrial to be released. [21]

On April 18, 2017, Massachusetts dropped more than 21,000 low-level drug criminal charges involving Dookhan. Out of the 15,570 cases in which she was involved, only 117 were to be pursued, according to Daniel Conley, the district attorney in Suffolk County, which includes Boston. Other counties followed suit, taking direction from the state Supreme Court to select a small fraction of cases for re-prosecution. [22]

Dookhan's story was the subject of a Netflix series, How to Fix a Drug Scandal created by Erin Lee Carr that was released April 1, 2020. [23] The four-part documentary focuses on Dookhan and an independent case of fraud in a different drug lab by Sonja Farak. How to Fix a Drug Scandal depicts the role of former Attorney General of Massachusetts Martha Coakley, who was accused of political cover up. [24]

Personal life

Dookhan married Surrendranath Dookhan, a software engineer, in 2004. [3] They have one son, Branden Dookhan. [25]

See also

Related Research Articles

The Chicago Tylenol murders were a series of poisoning deaths resulting from drug tampering in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1982. The victims consumed Tylenol-branded acetaminophen capsules that had been laced with potassium cyanide. Seven people died in the original poisonings, and there were several more deaths in subsequent copycat crimes.

The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) was an American company that operated from 1983 to 2003 led by founder and owner Victor Conte.

Joyce Gilchrist was an American forensic chemist who was accused of falsifying evidence in order to help prosecutors in Oklahoma. She participated in more than 3,000 criminal cases in 21 years while working for the Oklahoma City Police Department. Her evidence led in part to 23 people being sentenced to death, 12 of whom have been executed. After her dismissal, Gilchrist alleged that she was fired in retaliation for reporting sexual misconduct.

The New York State Police Troop C scandal involved the fabrication of evidence by members of the New York State Police, which was used to convict suspects in Central New York.

False evidence, fabricated evidence, forged evidence, fake evidence or tainted evidence is information created or obtained illegally in order to sway the verdict in a court case. Falsified evidence could be created by either side in a case, or by someone sympathetic to either side. Misleading by suppressing evidence can also be considered a form of false evidence ; however, in some cases, suppressed evidence is excluded because it cannot be proved the accused was aware of the items found or of their location. The analysis of evidence may also be forged if the person doing the forensic work finds it easier to fabricate evidence and test results than to perform the actual work involved. Parallel construction is a form of false evidence in which the evidence is truthful but its origins are untruthfully described, at times in order to avoid evidence being excluded as inadmissible due to unlawful means of procurement such as an unlawful search.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martha Coakley</span> American lobbyist and lawyer

Martha Mary Coakley is an American lobbyist, lawyer, and former politician who served as Attorney General of Massachusetts from 2007 to 2015. Prior to serving as Attorney General, she was District Attorney of Middlesex County from 1999 to 2007.

Stella Maudine Nickell is an American woman who was sentenced to ninety years in prison for product tampering after she poisoned Excedrin capsules with lethal cyanide, resulting in the deaths of her husband Bruce Nickell and Sue Snow, a stranger. Her May 1988 conviction and prison sentence were the first under federal product tampering laws instituted after the 1982 Chicago Tylenol murders.

Frederick Salem Zain was an American forensic laboratory technician in West Virginia and Bexar County, Texas, who falsified serology results to obtain convictions.

The BALCO scandal was a scandal involving the use of banned, performance-enhancing substances by professional athletes.

Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, 557 U.S. 305 (2009), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that it was a violation of the Sixth Amendment right of confrontation for a prosecutor to submit a chemical drug test report without the testimony of the person who performed the test. While the court ruled that the then-common practice of submitting these reports without testimony was unconstitutional, it also held that so called "notice-and-demand" statutes are constitutional. A state would not violate the Constitution through a "notice-and-demand" statute by both putting the defendant on notice that the prosecution would submit a chemical drug test report without the testimony of the scientist and also giving the defendant sufficient time to raise an objection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak</span> Ongoing fungal meningitis outbreak in the US

A New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that began in September 2012 sickened 798 individuals and resulted in the deaths of more than 100 people. In September 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with state and local health departments and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), began investigating a multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections among patients who had received contaminated steroid injections from the New England Compounding Center (NECC) in Framingham, Massachusetts. The NECC was classified as a compounding pharmacy. The traditional role of compounding pharmacies is to make drugs prescribed by doctors for specific patients with needs that can't be met by commercially available drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carmen Ortiz</span> American attorney and college instructor

Carmen Milagros Ortiz is an attorney, college instructor, and former United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Massachusetts</span>

Cannabis in Massachusetts is legal for medical and recreational use. It also relates to the legal and cultural events surrounding the use of cannabis. A century after becoming the first U.S. state to criminalize recreational cannabis, Massachusetts voters elected to legalize it in 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erin Lee Carr</span> American documentary filmmaker

Erin Lee Carr is an American documentary filmmaker. She is also an author for publications including VICE and her memoir called All That You Leave Behind: A Memoir, a story about love, addiction, and the relationship between father and daughter. In 2015, Variety included Carr as one of its "10 Documakers To Watch". Carr made the 2018 Forbes 30 under 30 list.

Vanessa Teresa Marcotte was a 27-year-old American woman who, while walking on a rural road in Princeton, Massachusetts, was assaulted and murdered. Her case went unsolved until April 15, 2017, when authorities announced that 31-year-old Angelo Colon-Ortiz of Worcester, Massachusetts, had been arrested for her murder after being linked by DNA evidence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew Lelling</span> American attorney (born 1970)

Andrew E. Lelling is an American attorney who served as the United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts from 2017 to 2021. He is currently a Partner at Jones Day.

How to Fix a Drug Scandal is an American true crime documentary miniseries that was released on Netflix on April 1, 2020. It was produced by documentary filmmaker Erin Lee Carr and examined the roles of two forensic chemists at different laboratories in Massachusetts, Sonja Farak and Annie Dookhan, who tampered with evidence and falsified drug certificates of defendants; and the impact this had on thousands of cases involving drug testing handled by the two women.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shannon O'Neill (comedian)</span> American comedian, actress, writer, and director

Shannon Patricia O'Neill is an American comedian, actress, writer, and director who worked as the artistic director of the Upright Citizens Brigade. O'Neill was a regular guest on The Chris Gethard Show and has had numerous roles in film and television. In 2020, O'Neill appeared as Sonja Farak in How to Fix a Drug Scandal, a true crime documentary miniseries. In the series, O'Neill recreates Farak's court testimony using official transcripts from her grand jury trial.


The William A. Hinton State Laboratory is a state laboratory in Massachusetts. It was known as the Massachusetts State Public Health Laboratory and Massachusetts State Laboratory Institute until 1975 when it was renamed for William A. Hinton. It houses the Massachusetts state drug lab.

In Massachusetts, the Committee for Public Counsel Services (CPCS) oversees the state public defender system for indigent criminal defendants.

References

  1. 1 2 "Annie Dookhan Pleads Guilty to Tampering with Evidence, Obstruction". Mass.gov. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  2. ↑ "Crime Lab Scandal Leaves Mass. Legal System In Turmoil". Npr.org. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  3. 1 2 "Annie Dookhan chased renown on a path paved with lies". The Boston Globe . Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  4. ↑ "For Mass. Lab chemist, an unlikely road to scandal - Boston.com". Archived from the original on 2014-01-02. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
  5. ↑ MassLive, The Associated Press | (2012-10-13). "For Mass. lab chemist Annie Dookhan, an unlikely road to scandal". masslive. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  6. ↑ Bruney, Gabrielle (2020-04-01). "Annie Dookhan's Drug Lab Crimes Compromised More Than 20,000 Criminal Convictions". Esquire. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  7. 1 2 3 Timeline of case from WBUR in Boston
  8. 1 2 "Statement of Case against Dookhan" (PDF). S3.amazonaws.com. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  9. ↑ Quijano, Elaine (2012-09-29). "Massachusetts lab tech arrested for alleged improper handling of drug tests". CBS News .
  10. ↑ Amico, Chris (2013-05-15). "With More Work, Less Time, Dookhan's Tests Got Faster". WBUR.
  11. ↑ Anderson, Karen (2012-08-30). "State Drug Lab Chemist's Actions Could Affect Thousands of Cases". WBZ-TV.
  12. ↑ "Interim Summary of Annie Dookhan" (PDF). S3.documentcloud.org. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  13. ↑ Arsenault, Mark (2012-09-28). "Bail set at $10,000 after arraignment of Annie Dookhan, chemist in state drug lab scandal". The Boston Globe .
  14. ↑ "More Charges For Mass. Chemist In Drug Lab Scandal". www.wbur.org. 17 December 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  15. 1 2 "Mass. Chemist pleads guilty in drug lab scandal". Archived from the original on 2013-12-30. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
  16. 1 2 3 "Annie Dookhan, former state chemist who mishandled drug evidence, sentenced to 3 to 5 years in prison". Boston.com. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  17. ↑ "Inmate information from Vinelink and Massachusetts Department of Correction". Vinelink.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  18. ↑ "Annie Dookhan, Chemist At Center Of Mass. Drug Lab Scandal, Is Out Of Prison". www.wbur.org. 12 April 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  19. ↑ Annie Dookhan, key figure in state lab scandal, released from prison, Boston Globe, April 12, 2016
  20. ↑ ACLU argues for drug-crime defendants in Annie Dookhan saga, Boston Globe, January 9, 2015
  21. ↑ Trager, Rebecca. "Thousands of U.S. Convicts Can Get New Trials Because of Rogue Drug Lab Chemist". Scientific American. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  22. ↑ Drug Lab Scandal Results in More Than 20,000 Convictions Dropped, NBC News, April 18, 2017
  23. ↑ Trahan, Erin (9 April 2020). "Netflix's 'How To Fix A Drug Scandal' Elevates Process Over Personality". WBUR.
  24. ↑ Wilkinson, Alissa (1 April 2020). "How to Fix a Drug Scandal is the staggering true story of justice gone very wrong". Vox.
  25. ↑ MassLive, The Associated Press | (2012-10-13). "For Mass. lab chemist Annie Dookhan, an unlikely road to scandal". masslive. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.