Annie John

Last updated
Annie John
JamacaKincaid AnnieJohn.jpg
Author Jamaica Kincaid
LanguageEnglish
GenreNovel
Publisher Hill & Wang Pub (US) & Vintage (UK)
Publication date
March 1985
Publication place Antigua
Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)
Pages160 p. (paperback edition)
ISBN 0-374-10521-9 (hardback edition) & ISBN   0-09-977381-3 (UK paperback edition)
OCLC 11550274
813/.54 19
LC Class PR9275.A583 K5634

Annie John, a novel written by Jamaica Kincaid in 1985, details the growth of a girl in Antigua, an island in the Caribbean. It covers issues as diverse as mother-daughter relationships, same-sex attraction, racism, clinical depression, poverty, education, and the struggle between medicine based on "scientific fact" and that based on "native superstitious know-how".

Contents

Plot summary

Annie John, the book's protagonist, starts as a young girl who worships her mother. She follows her everywhere and is shocked and hurt when she learns that she must someday live in a different house from her mother. While her mother tries to teach her to become a lady, Annie is sent to a new school where she must prove herself intellectually and make new friends. She then falls in love with a girl named Gwen. She promises Gwen that she will always love her. However, Annie later admires a girl she calls the "Red Girl." She admires this girl in all aspects of her life. This girl means freedom to Annie because she does not have to follow any daily hygienic routines like the other girls.

Annie John is then moved to a higher class because of her intelligence. For this reason, Annie is drawn away from her best friend, Gwen, while alienating herself from her mother and the other adults. It later becomes clear that she also suffers from some mental depression, which distances her from both her family and her friends. The book ends with her physically distancing herself from all she knows and loves by leaving home for nursing school in England.

Publication history

The book's chapters were originally published separately in The New Yorker , before being combined and published as the novel Annie John, the stories connected by Kincaid's use of Annie John as the narrator. [1] [2]

Major themes, symbolism, and style

Children growing apart from their parents while becoming adolescents is the major theme in the novel. Annie and her mother share common personalities and goals and even look exactly alike, though they grow apart through the narrative. [3] Barbara Wiedemann writes that Kincaid's fiction is not specifically aimed at a young adult audience. Still, the readers will benefit from the insight evident in Kincaid's description of coming of age. [4]

Annie John has been noted to contain feminist views. [5] Asked if the relationship between Annie and Gwen was meant to suggest "lesbian tendencies," Kincaid replied: "No…I think I am always surprised that people interpret it so literally." The relationship between Gwen and Annie is a practicing relationship. It's about how things work. It's like learning to walk. Always, there is the sense that they would go on to lead heterosexual lives. Whatever happened between them, homosexuality would not be a serious thing because it is just practicing" (Vorda 94). [6]

The story conveys the theme of colonialism. England colonized Antigua and reconstructed its society. This is seen when the reader is introduced to Miss George and Miss Edward, teachers at Annie's school named after English kings. Annie, in return, strongly dislikes England for imposing its culture on Antigua.

Water is consistently used throughout the novel to depict the separation between Annie John and her mother. Symbolic references to water (including the sea, rain, and other forms) illustrate Annie's development from childhood to maturity. Near the novel's start, the reader learns that Annie has a regular baby bottle and one shaped like a boat - and that is only the beginning of her water-connected choices in life.

Kincaid's writing is not in the traditional paragraph form but in run-on sentences and paragraphs with little fragments. Jan Hall, a writer for Salem Press Master Plots, Fourth Edition book, states in an article about Annie John that "because the novel has no years, months, or dates, the story has a sense of timelessness." [3]

Connections to other works

There are clear echoes of themes and events from Kincaid's books Lucy and My Brother. My Brother is a non-fiction story, yet Annie John has some of the same events and facts placed in her own family as if Annie was Kincaid when she was younger. In My Brother, Kincaid's father had to walk after he ate because he had an impaired digestive tract and heart; their family ate fish, bread, and butter, and a six-year-old died in her mother's arm going over the same bridge that her father had recently walked on after eating. The character of Miss Charlotte dies in both books. Lucy can be cited as a continuation of Annie John because Annie John has moved off of her Caribbean island of Antigua and is starting a new life in England, even though Lucy is in America because hypothetically, Annie John will have to learn how to adjust to England. Jan Hall writes: "the themes of Annie John, Jamaica Kincaid’s first novel, are continued in Lucy (1990), a novel about a young woman’s experiences after leaving her Caribbean island." [3]

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

<i>Villette</i> (novel) 1853 novel by Charlotte Brontë

Villette is an 1853 novel written by English author Charlotte Brontë. After an unspecified family disaster, the protagonist Lucy Snowe travels from her native England to the fictional Continental city of Villette to teach at a girls' school, where she is drawn into adventure and romance.

<i>Wide Sargasso Sea</i> 1966 novel by Jean Rhys

Wide Sargasso Sea is a 1966 novel by Dominican-British author Jean Rhys. The novel serves as a postcolonial and feminist prequel to Charlotte Brontë's novel Jane Eyre (1847), describing the background to Mr. Rochester's marriage from the point of view of his wife Antoinette Cosway, a Creole heiress. Antoinette Cosway is Rhys's version of Brontë's "madwoman in the attic". Antoinette's story is told from the time of her youth in Jamaica, to her unhappy marriage to an English gentleman, Mr. Rochester, who renames her Bertha, declares her mad, takes her to England, and isolates her from the rest of the world in his mansion. Wide Sargasso Sea explores the power of relationships between men and women and discusses the themes of race, Caribbean history, and assimilation as Antoinette is caught in a white, patriarchal society in which she fully belongs neither to Europe nor to Jamaica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jamaica Kincaid</span> Antiguan-American novelist, essayist, gardener, and gardening writer

Jamaica Kincaid is an Antiguan-American novelist, essayist, gardener, and gardening writer. She was born in St. John's, Antigua. She lives in North Bennington, Vermont and is Professor of African and African American Studies in Residence at Harvard University during the academic year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edwidge Danticat</span> Haitian-American writer (born 1969)

Edwidge Danticat is a Haitian-American novelist and short story writer. Her first novel, Breath, Eyes, Memory, was published in 1994 and went on to become an Oprah's Book Club selection. Danticat has since written or edited several books and has been the recipient of many awards and honors. As of the fall of 2023, she will be the Wun Tsun Tam Mellon Professor of the Humanities in the department of African American and African Diaspora Studies at Columbia University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Martha Sherwood</span> English childrens author and editor (1775–1851)

Mary Martha Sherwood was a nineteenth-century English children's writer. Of her more than four hundred works, the best known include The History of Little Henry and his Bearer (1814) and the two series The History of Henry Milner (1822–1837) and The History of the Fairchild Family (1818–1847). Her evangelicalism permeated her early writings, but later works cover common Victorian themes such as domesticity.

A Small Place is a work of creative nonfiction published in 1988 by Jamaica Kincaid. A book-length essay drawing on Kincaid's experiences growing up in Antigua, it can be read as an indictment of the Antiguan government, the tourist industry and Antigua's British colonial legacy, which includes slavery.

Annie Sophie Cory (1 October 1868 – 2 August 1952) was a British author of popular, racy, exotic New Woman novels under the pseudonyms Victoria Cross(e), Vivian Cory and V.C. Griffin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elinor Dashwood</span> Fictional character

Elinor Dashwood is a fictional character and the protagonist of Jane Austen's 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility.

<i>The Book Thief</i> 2006 novel by Markus Zusak

The Book Thief is a historical fiction novel by the Australian author Markus Zusak, set in Nazi Germany during World War II. Published in 2005, The Book Thief became an international bestseller and was translated into 63 languages and sold 17 million copies. It was adapted into the 2013 feature film, The Book Thief.

Marie-Elena John is an Antiguan writer whose novel, Unburnable, was published in 2006. She is an Africanist, development and women's rights specialist, currently serving as the Senior Racial Justice Lead at UN Women.

<i>Lucy</i> (novel) 1990 novella by Jamaica Kincaid

Lucy (1990) is a novella by Jamaica Kincaid. The story begins in medias res: the eponymous Lucy has come from the West Indies to the United States to be an au pair for a wealthy white family. The plot of the novel closely mirrors Kincaid's own experiences.

<i>No Telephone to Heaven</i> 1987 novel by Michelle Cliff

No Telephone to Heaven, the sequel to Abeng (novel), is the second novel published by Jamaican-American author Michelle Cliff. The novel continues the story of Clare Savage, Cliff's semi-autobiographical character from Abeng, through a set of flashbacks that recount Clare's adolescence and young adulthood as she moves from Jamaica to the United States, then to England, and finally back to Jamaica. First published in 1987, the book has received attention for its articulation of the paradoxes of history and identity after, and counter to, the experience of colonization.

<i>Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters</i> 2009 novel by Ben H. Winters

Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters (2009) is a parody novel by Ben H. Winters, with Jane Austen credited as co-author. It is a mashup story containing elements from Jane Austen's 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility and common tropes from sea monster stories. It is the thematic sequel to another 2009 novel from the same publisher called Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. It was first published by Quirk Books on September 15, 2009.

"Girl" is a short story written by Jamaica Kincaid that was included in At the Bottom of the River (1983). It appeared in the June 26, 1978 issue of The New Yorker.

<i>At the Bottom of the River</i> Short story collection by Jamaica Kincaid

At the Bottom of the River is a collection of short stories by Caribbean novelist Jamaica Kincaid. Published in 1983, it was her first short story collection. The collection consists of ten inter-connected short stories, seven of which were previously published in The New Yorker and The Paris Review between 1978 and 1982. Kincaid was awarded the Morton Dauwen Zabel Award of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1983 for the collection.

<i>The Book of Night Women</i> 2009 novel by Marlon James

The Book of Night Women is a 2009 novel by Jamaican author Marlon James. The book was first published in hardback on February 19, 2009, by Riverhead Books. The story follows Lilith, a young woman born into slavery, who challenges the boundaries of what is expected of her.

Daryl Cumber Dance is an American academic best known for her work on black folklore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zalika Reid-Benta</span> Canadian writer

Zalika Reid-Benta is a Canadian author. Her debut novel River Mumma was a finalist for the 2024 Trillium Book Award and received starred reviews from publications such as Publishers Weekly. It has been listed as one of the best fiction books of 2023 on numerous platforms, including CBC Books. The novel is a "magical realist story" inspired by Jamaican folklore. The main character, Alicia Gale, is a young Black woman having a quarter-life crisis, while adventuring through the streets of Toronto, Ontario.

<i>Here Comes the Sun</i> (Dennis-Benn novel) 2016 novel by Nicole Dennis-Benn

Here Comes the Sun is a 2016 novel by Nicole Dennis-Benn set in Montego Bay, Jamaica and published by Liveright Publishing Corporation. Dennis-Benn's debut novel, the book examines social issues in Jamaica, including skin bleaching, sex work, homophobia, rape, and the impact of tourism on local residents. The novel won the Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction.

References

  1. Ciotta, Jennifer (20 September 2006). "Jamaica Kincaid and Annie John: A Childhood Cut Short". Literary Traveler. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  2. Luckie-Hannays, Shyka. "Jamaica Kincaid". Luckie's Haven. Google Sites . Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 Hall, Jan. "Work Analysis." Masterplots, Fourth Edition 12.4 (2010): Print.
  4. Weidemann, Barabra. "Work Analysis." Masterplots II: Juvenile& Young Adult Literature Series Supplement 12.4 (1997): 1-2. Print.
  5. Smith, Pamela J. Olubunmi. "Work Analysis." Masterplots II: Women's Literature Series 12.4 (1995): 1-3. Print.
  6. Vorda, Allan; Kincaid, Jamaica (1991). "An Interview with Jamaica Kincaid". Mississippi Review. 20 (1/2): 7–26. JSTOR   20134506.